And then youll hear Professor Cargill explain the seven heavens and what all that means. At age 15, he became a born-again fundamentalist evangelical Christian. When he became convinced that Jesus was raised from the dead, he thought that the resurrection had started. And that's when they developed the idea that, in fact, it's the forces of evil causing these disasters. But the problems with that thinking were palpable: Gods own people Israel continually, painfully, and frustratingly suffered, from natural disaster, political crises, and, most notably, military defeat. Jews had long believed that God was lord of the entire world and all people, both the living and the dead. The Divine Comedy. EHRMAN: I think that - I'll speak from the Christian tradition, which I still cherish even though I am no longer a Christian, there are aspects of Christianity that I resonate with because they're so deeply ingrained in me. And those 30 trillion years is just the beginning? And secondly, every one of them has been incontrovertibly wrong (laughter). I'm Terry Gross, back with Bart Ehrman, author of the new book "Heaven And Hell: A History Of The Afterlife." GROSS: In a time like this, do you wish you could still believe in a heaven that offers eternal life, in a place where you would be united with loved ones? The book is all about the terrible destruction that is going to take place on Earth when God destroys everything that is opposed to him, before bringing in a good kingdom. New York: Penguin Classics, 2012. When the breath leaves the body, the body no longer lives, but the breath doesn't exist. It just stops. I try to respect everybody's views. And that was the ancient understanding, the ancient Hebrew understanding of the soul, is that it didn't go anywhere because it was simply the thing that made the body alive. After attending the Moody Bible Institute, he studied at Princeton Theological Seminary, which introduced him to texts and interpretations that led him to a more liberal form of Christianity. Bart Ehrman, thank you again. And so they came up with the idea of an afterlife with rewards and punishments. And if it's not that, he said it would be like a deep sleep. attempted a little revisionist history on social media on Monday. It's a word that gets mistranslated into English. So you have your body, your physical being, and you have your soul, this invisible part of you that lives on after death, that you can separate the two and they can exist - the soul can exist outside of the body. At one point he says there are two gates that people pass through (Matthew 7:13-14). The Hebrew Bible itself assumes that the dead are simply deadthat their body lies in the grave, and there is no consciousness, ever again. God will soon destroy everything and everyone opposed to him and establish a new order on earth. He's the author of the new book "Heaven And Hell: A History Of The Afterlife." So how does the Book of Revelation contribute to the vision of hell? What is the Armor of God and How Can We Put it On Daily? COPYRIGHT 2023 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604, Explore the worlds most intriguing Biblical scholarship. Jesus, speaking about the day of judgment, will say to the unsaved, "'Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels'" (Matthew 25:41).Speaking to those He is sending away from His presence, Jesus acknowledges they will go to an eternal life, referred to in prophetic texts as the . He's a distinguished professor of religious studies at The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. The age-old human question of Where do I go when I die? is an everlasting oneand its not simply an answer based on being a saint or a sinner. Its a complex topic, and an authoritative online video lecture by a renowned Biblical scholar is in order here, to help you become an expert on the origins and meanings of heaven and hell. The God of Israel had condemned and forsaken the place. And so it appears that the ancient Israelites simply thought that when you died, your body got buried someplace. Still, in one interesting and comforting way, Jesus own views of either eternal reward or complete annihilation do resemble Greek notions propagated over four centuries earlier. This innovation represents an unhappy amalgamation of Jesus Jewish views and those found in parts of the Greek philosophical tradition. He doesn't think the soul is going to live on in heaven. A helmet covers, conceals, and protects the head. He repeatedly warned us not to take it lightly: Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. This, though, is not a book that describes what's going to happen to individuals when they die and go to heaven or hell; it's a description of the final judgment of God that somehow is going to be coming to Earth. People aren't talking about nuclear weapons anymore, but they probably should be because that's another way this whole thing might end. Even though the human body dies, the human soul both will not and cannot. This is what the Old Testament taught. I hope you stay safe, too. Yes, youre right up to a point; God is a God of love. This famous sermon includes the parable of the ten virgins and the ten talents. Our greatest concerns, personal and national, are for survival. This may be simple, but it is not easy. People do not live forever. The word hell does not appear in the Greek New Testament; instead one of three words is used: the Greek words Tartarus or Hades, or the Hebrew word Gehinnom. But there's still the issue of death, so it's just simply become more pronounced. Home And it's really the only way to stop this thing from growing. Dante emphasized this by having the journey through hell being the only journey downwards; after the ninth circle, the other two climb upwards. He thinks that there's going to be a resurrection of the dead at the end of time. About 200 before Jesus was born, there was a shift in thinking in ancient Israel that became - it became a form of ideology, a kind of religious thought that scholars today call apocalypticism. And then you have group who saying that it's the devil doing it, that in fact, it's the forces of evil. Surely, if there are gods in the world or God in the world, there has to be justice. Some are said to be sheep, and the . Most people, of course, are more concerned about the process of dying right now or getting sick or the economics of that. Today we will tackle the question: does hell have levels of different punishment? And so that's the alternative. We need to read Scripture to understand the truth. And in most gnostic religions, the idea is to get out of the shell, to escape the shell. Jesus developed this view into a repugnant scenario: corpses of those excluded from the kingdom would be unceremoniously tossed into the most desecrated dumping ground on the planet. The Lord expresses that He does not want anyone to be separated from Him; He created humanity to have a unique relationship with them. And many more22 total video lectures for your viewing, whenever you want. He was a Greek-speaking Jew. Jesus saw this as permanent annihilation; Socrates as a pleasant deep sleep. Bethany Verrett is a freelance writer who uses her passion for God, reading, and writing to glorify God. These people began to think that the reason there is suffering in the world is not what the prophets had said, that it - because people sin and God is punishing them; it's because there are forces of evil in the world that are aligned against God and his people who are creating suffering. They weren't Jews. Our punishment there would be proportionate to our sins just as our rewards in heaven would be . Where did hell come from in the Bible? Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. And people are afraid that the planet itself is dying. EHRMAN: (Laughter) I know, exactly. It comes - Gnosticism, in some ways, comes out of Greek thinking. That too would be good, even better. But Jesus isn't talking about heaven because he doesn't believe - he's a Jew - he doesn't believe in the separation of soul and body. Four Views on Hell. And right, it kind of seems like that when you read it - when you just kind of simply read it. Jesus did not say souls would be tortured there. We absolutely may do it to ourselves this time, but it won't be a prediction - a fulfillment of predictions of a prophecy; it'll be because of human stupidity and refusal to act in the face of crisis. And I said: Woe is me! And that's how you start getting the development of the idea of hell, that it's a place where souls go to be punished in - as the opposite of the people who go to heaven to be rewarded. His new book is Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife. When Jesus Christ died His soul went into hell.And in Matthew 12:40, Jesus Christ says: "For as Jonas was three days and three nights in the whale's belly: so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the HEART OF THE EARTH. He wasn't one of the disciples. He states the purpose of hell was to punish the devil and his fallen angels. So, OK, suppose I'm just a regular old sinner, and I die when I'm 40, and so maybe I had about 25, maybe even 30 years of not being the most perfect person on Earth. The other is broad and easy, and therefore commonly taken. And that's exactly what I think. But why does it involve eternal fire? A few verses later, the Apostle John wrote about the final judgment of the dead. So let's do that, and then we'll talk some more. That became a view somewhat in Judaism, and it became a very pronounced view in Christianity. You get both of those explanations. Edwards, Jonathan. And the most famous of the Gnostic Gospels is Thomas. Jesus believed that people would be destroyed when - at the end of time, they'd be annihilated. So how does that shift happen? The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. Jesus spoke briefly about why hell was created, and its origins. The book of life contains all the names of the redeemed, those who put their faith in God. BGEA is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The soul was immortal and would live forever in Greek thinking. And so you get these demonic forces in the world that are creating misery for everyone. But the Bible tells us something else about hell: You and I dont need to go there! Speaking to those He is sending away from His presence, Jesus acknowledges they will go to an eternal life, referred to in prophetic texts as the lake of fire. And so he talked about living in the last days because he assumed that everybody else now was going to be raised to follow suit. GROSS: We have to take a short break here. And these are more mystical texts. So they have very much a differentiation between soul and body.
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