Deutsche Lufthansa took delivery of 230, equipped as airliners; many were exported. Two MG 15 machine guns were provided as defensive armament, with one fitted in a dorsal position on the fuselage top and the other in an ungainly retractable bucket beneath the fuselage, behind the undercarriage. [39], The Swiss Air Force also operated the Ju 52 from 1939 to 1982, when three aircraft remained in operation, probably the last and longest service in any air force. Specifications. The aircraft's design incorporated a corrugated duralumin metal skin as a strengthening measure, which was very unusual at the time. However, losses in Russia were severe as they were in North Africa where the Ju 52 was used to supply the Afrika Korps and German forces in Tunisia in 1943. [30] The Ju 52 was also deployed during the Battle of Crete in late May 1941. In Spain, Construcciones Aeronuticas SA continued production as the CASA 352 and 352L. It saw both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. If you like this article, then please follow us onFacebookandInstagram. On October 16, 1944, a Deutsche Luft Hansa Ju 52/3m, registration D-ADQU, crashed in the Lifjeld Mountains in poor weather, killing all 15 on board. The use of these Junkers was quite limited. Actions were taken to convert Junkers' Ju 52 production lines to instead manufacture Ju 352s; however, the conflict's end in May 1945 led to the effort being abandoned in an unfinished state. "Vizinhana perigosa" (in Portuguese). Ill do my best to carry on publishing drawings and plans. Max. In addition to the paratroop drops, they also directly landed in hostile territory to deploy assault troops, such as at Ypenburg Airport, on public highways around The Hague, and on the River Meuse (the latter using float-equipped aircraft). [18], The Swiss Air Force also operated the Ju 52 from 1939 to 1982 when three aircraft remained in operation, probably the last and longest service in any air force. The Ju 52 had a low cantilever wing, the midsection of which was built into the fuselage, forming its underside. Staffel in Kampfgeschwader 1 transported a company of Fallschirmjger (paratroopers) and a battalion of infantry to the northern part of Jutland, and captured the airfield at Aalborg, vital to support the operation in southern Norway. [7] As such, German production of the Ju 52 was terminated during 1944; Smith claims that a total of 3,234 aircraft of various models were constructed during the conflict. The Ju 52/3m is a three-engine development of the single-engine Junkers Ju 52/1m of which only six were built. A total of 4,835 Ju 52/3ms were built, including 170 under license by Construcciones Aeronauticas (CASA) in Spain and more than 400 by Ateliers Aeronautiques de Colombes in France. When completed the second prototype was tested with a variety of engines, including the BMW VII, Armstrong Siddeley Leopard radial, and the Junkers Jumo 204 diesel. It was initially designed with a single engine; however, it was produced in quantity as a trimotor. Four CASA 352s are airworthy and in regular use today. After he became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, Hans Baur became his personal pilot, and Hitler was provided with a personal Ju 52. Throughout this tumultuous change, Iron Annie continued to provide reliable, robust transport worldwide. Click for references English / Deutsch. [37], Various Junkers Ju 52s continued in military and civilian use following World War II. T.2B-254 CASA 352L on static display at the Museo del Aire in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid. [30] While victorious, 170 aircraft were lost along with 4,500 personnel; the high loss rate brought about the end of German paratrooper operations. [8] The Dornier Do 11 was a failure, however, and the Junkers ended up being acquired in much larger numbers than at first expected, with the type being the Luftwaffe's main bomber until more modern aircraft such as the Heinkel He 111, Junkers Ju 86 and Dornier Do 17 entered into service.[9][10]. In France, over 400 examples of a versions of the Ju 52, the Amiot AAC.l Toucan, were manufactured and used in Indo-China and North Africa up to the 1960s. - Alcohol Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix. The production of Ju 52s continued until around the summer of 1944; when the war came to an end, 100 to 200 were still available. In the former role, it participated in the bombing of Guernica, although it was considered obsolete as a bomber by late 1937, by which point it was in the process of being replaced by more capable bombers such as the Dornier Do 17 and Heinkel He 111. In a military role, it flew with the Luftwaffe as a troop and cargo transport and briefly as a medium bomber. Strikefighter04 3.4 years ago; Tang0five 3.4 years ago; General Characteristics. In 1932 Ju 52/3ms were delivered to Luft Hansa and two (D-2201 Boelcke and D2202 Richthofen) inaugurated the airlines Berlin to London and Berlin to Rome services. Data from;Junkers Aircraft & Engines 1913-1945[25]. One of them was commandeered by the Chinese Nationalist Party Government and become the Chiang Kai-shek's personal transport. No more of the bomber variant were built after this war, though it was again used as a bomber during the bombing of Warsaw[11] during the Invasion of Poland of September 1939. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. The two wing-mounted radial engines of the Ju 52/3m had half-chord cowlings and in planform view (from above/below) appeared to be splayed outwards, being mounted at an almost perpendicular angle to the tapered wing's sweptback leading edge (in a similar fashion to the Mitsubishi G3M bomber and Short Sunderland; the angled engines on the Ju 52 were intended to make maintaining straight flight easier should an engine fail, while the others had different reasons). [10][1] The outer sections of this operated differentially as ailerons, projecting slightly beyond the wingtips with control horns. The outer sections of this operated differentially as ailerons, projecting slightly beyond the wing tips with control horns. Several hundred Ju 52s were also used to transport troops to Norway in the first days of this campaign. The paratroopers used the Ju 52 in several combat operations in Angola and other Portuguese African colonies before gradually phasing it out of service in the 1960s. 633 DailyCrash 7.9 years ago . The last Ju 52/3m making scheduled passenger flights in New Guinea stopped flying during the late 1960s. "Coliso com a Escola Naval" (in Portuguese). During the German invasion of Holland, Belgium and France which began in May 1940, Ju 52s were also used extensively to deploy paratroopers in critical areas. The use of corrugated duralumin gave great strength and resistance to combat damage and the design of the D.1 was in advance of virtually any other fighter of World War One. Open9 a.m. to 5 p.m. seven days a week. Bolivia acquired four Ju-52s in the course of the Chaco War (1932-1935), mainly for medical evacuation and air supply. The aircraft's design incorporated a corrugated duralumin metal skin as a strengthening measure, which was very unusual at the time. Data from Wolfgang Wagner "Hugo Junkers Pionier der Luftfahrt - Seine Flugzeuge" Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1996 ISBN 3-7637-6112-8 (in German) p. 358, Data from Janes Fighting Aircraft of World War II[44]. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. It had both civilian and military service during the 1930s and 1940s. [30], The next major use of the Ju 52 was in the Balkans campaign. Thus their first operational role, in the Spanish Civil War of 1935-39, they were employed principally as troop transports. Ju 52/3mg2e (Wk-Nr 5489) in flight, showing the Doppelflgel, "double wing". [3] By the mid-1930s, the Ju 52/3mce and Ju 52/3fe, were the two primary production variants, both being powered by the BMW 132 radial engine. Production Ju 52/3m aircraft flown by Deutsche Luft Hansa before the Second World War, as well as Luftwaffe-flown Ju 52s flown during the war, usually used an air-start system to turn over their trio of radial engines, using a common compressed air supply that also operated the main wheels' brakes. We are a resource documenting all variety of aircraft, from the terrifying contraptions of the past to the absolute cutting edge of today. Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. In September 1939, at Baur's suggestion, Immelmann II was replaced by a four-engine Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor, although Immelman II remained his backup aircraft for the rest of the Second World War. During the postwar era, the Ju 52 had a lengthy service life with numerous military and civilian operators; large numbers were still in use by the 1980s. Designed by Hermann Pohlmann, it first flew in 1935. This aircraft was built in France as a Ju 52/3mg 14e in 1944 and was reputed to be the personal aircraft of Field Marshall Kesselring during the last years of the war, but this has never been confirmed. Located in Sweden, the aircraft were purchased with BMW engines. Read More:F-16XL The Crank Wing Experiment. Long supply lines and poor roads made the air transport of supplies and the evacuation of casualties a vital element of the initial invasion, Operation Barbarossa, and subsequent German operations in the east. Even in the 21st century, several aircraft have remained operational, typically used for purposes such as heritage aviation displays and aerial sightseeing. However, the longest-serving Ju 52s were used by the Swiss Air Force which continued to use three of these aircraft up to the early 1980s. Following the rise of Nazi Germany, thousands of Ju 52s were procured as a staple military transport of the nation. In France, the machine had been manufactured during the war by the Junkers-controlled Avions Amiot company, and production continued afterwards as the Amiot AAC 1 Toucan. [17] As his power and importance grew, Hitler's personal air force grew to nearly 50 aircraft, based at Berlin Tempelhof Airport and made up of mainly Ju 52s, which also flew other members of his cabinet and war staff. To continue to compete with newer transport aircraft, Zindel added two more 525 hp BMW (Pratt & Whitney-licensed) Hornet engines in 1932. 1945 Spain CRAFT-Aircraft Construcciones Aeronauticas S.A. Junkers (CASA) Ju52; low wing tri-motor aircraft; natural corrugated aluminum finish with matte black painted on the nose and engine cowlings; Lufthansa livery with black letter text registration code "D-ADLH" painted on the aft fuselage. [3] The Ju 52 was heavily used by Luft Hansa, it was able to fly from Berlin to Rome in eight hours; both this route and the London-Berlin service was frequently operated by the type. Accordingly, the Ju 52/3m (drei motoren"three engines") was developed, being powered by an arrangement of three radial engines. Required fields are marked *, The story of aviation is one of continuous innovation, marked by a ceaseless quest to push the limits of what. On April 20, 1945, a Deutsche Luft Hansa Ju 52/3m, registration D-ANAJ, was shot down by Soviet Air Force aircraft and crashed at Glienig, Germany while operating a Berlin-Munich-Prague evacuation service, killing 18 of 20 on board. Permitted Items: Although these had been intended as passenger aircraft, they were also used as military transports during the Gran Chaco war between Bolivia and Chile from 1932 1935. Various Junkers Ju 52s continued in military and civilian use following World War II. Some Ju 52's, both floatplanes and landplanes, were also used as minesweepers, known as Minensuch aircraft in German, fitted with a 14 m diameter current-carrying ring under the airframe to create a magnetic field which triggered the mines.[16]. There was a port side passenger door just aft of the wings, with windows stretching forward to the pilots' cabin. A variety of models was produced, including the Ju 52/3mg 5e with 619 kw (830 hp) BMW 132T engines; and many operated on floats and skis. CASA 352 (license-built Junkers Ju 52/3m) in Ju-Air markings at Zrich airport, Preserved AAC 1 showing corrugated skin, at Duxford, 2001. After the war, the air force acquired three other Ju 52mge as transports; the type remained in service until after the end of the Second World War. They were operated as general freighters and on occasion carried up to 40 native recruits at a time in high density seating for the Administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. The extra power allowed the airplane to carry up to 17 passengers, or about three tons of freight, to cruise at about 150 mph, and to take off and land on small airfields. The Ju 52/3m was even used by he British European Airways; ten captured Ju 52/3mg8es were rebuilt by Short Brothers and Harland at Belfast and were put into service in November 1946, but all were withdrawn at the end of August 1947. [20] The type's final sortie in the theatre was performed on 26 March 1939. The aircraft was provided with a single engine that was intended to be a 1,000hp model, but the unavailability of suitable engines saw the prototype fitted with a 750hp BMW VII water-cooled 12-cylinder engine. Used by a large number of the worlds airlines and air forces, the, Several hundred were delivered to the Luftwaffe in 1934-35 in bomber configuration, but they were regarded only as interim equipment, pending the arrival of such types as the, The end of the war was not the end of the, Bombers 1939-45 Patrol and Transport Aircraft, German Aircraft of the Second World War (Putnam Aviation). [8], In the postwar era, manufacture of the Ju 52 resumed, albeit in foreign countries. Between 1939 and 1944, 2,804 Ju 52s were delivered to the Luftwaffe (1939: 145; 1940: 388; 1941: 502; 1942: 503; 1943: 887; and 1944: 379). The usage of these Junkers was quite limited. In 1930, Ernst Zindel and his team designed the Ju 52 at the Junkers works at Dessau. Three BMW 132T-2 nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engines each providing 619-kW (830-hp), Three 7.92 mm (0.31 in) machine gun one in dorsal postion and two mounted to fire abeam through the side windows. Junkers Ju 52/3m (WNr.4043) is on display at the Museo Nacional de Aeronutica (National Air Museum) in Morn. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Air-dropped supplies were jettisoned through two double chutes; supply containers were dropped by parachute through the bomb-bay doors, and paratroopers jumped through the side doors. Escuadrn 721, flying the Spanish-built versions, was employed in training parachutists from Alcantarilla Air Base near Murcia.[44]. Manage Settings [21] During the war and after it became one of the best available military transport aircraft. The Ju 52/3m was produced after World War II in France by Amiot as the AAC.1 Toucan (ca. However, the single-engine model was underpowered, and after seven prototypes had been completed, all subsequent Ju 52s were built with three radial engines as the Ju 52/3m (drei motoren - "three engines"). At this time the Department of Civil Aviation wanted only a two-airline policy in New Guinea as in Australia, and decreed that Gibbes Sepik Airways should buy out the operations of either Qantas New Guinea or Mandated Airlines. Click here for frequently asked questions regarding items permitted inside the museum. The Ju 52/1m was able to land on wheels, skis or floats.[5]. The Allied air forces developed a counter-air operation over a two month period and implemented Operation Flax on 5 April 1943, destroying 11 Ju 52s in the air near Cape Bon and many more during bombing attacks on its Sicilian airfields, leaving only 29 flyable. [1] The main undercarriage was fixed and divided; some aircraft had wheel fairings, others did not. The market launch is not expected before 2025. In a civilian role, it flew with over 12 airlines, including Swissair and Deutsche Luft Hansa, as both a passenger carrier and a freight hauler. This was beyond the capacity of any existing transport aircraft of the period and responsibility for the design was passed to Junkers Head of Development, Ernst Zindel. This guide is based on in-game specs for all planes provided by the developers, NOT on real life plane manuals. Originally powered by three Pratt & Whitney Hornet radial engines, later production models mainly received 574kW (770hp) BMW 132 engines, a licence-built refinement of the Pratt & Whitney design. The Junkers Ju 52 (nicknamed Tante Ju ("Auntie Ju") and Iron Annie) was a German trimotor transport aircraft manufactured from 1932 to 1945. In a military role, large numbers flew with the Luftwaffe, being deployed on virtually all fronts of the Second World War as a troop and cargo transport; it was also briefly used as a medium bomber. At the beginning of the Civil War, a fleet of Ju 52s was used to transport the Nationalist troops of General Franco from Morocco to mainland Spain. . Two small bomb bays allowed up to 3,000 lbs of bombs to be carried. Some military Ju 52s were converted to civilian use. Ju 52/3m of British European Airways in 1947, French-built AAC.1 of STA at Manchester Airport in 1948. gallons of fuel had been airlifted by Ju 52s through the campaign. However, the single-engined model was deemed to have been underpowered and, after seven prototypes had been completed, all subsequent Ju 52s were built with three radial engines as the Ju 52/3m (drei motoren"three engines"). [25] According to Smith, 29,280 personnel, 2,376 tons of supplies and 259,300 imp. The strutted horizontal stabilizer carried horn-balanced elevators which again projected and showed a significant gap between them and the stabilizer, which was adjustable in-flight. [32] That began two catastrophic weeks in which more than 140 aircraft were lost in air interceptions,[33] culminating on 18 April with the "Palm Sunday Massacre" in which 24 Ju 52s were shot down, and another 35 staggered back to Sicily and crash-landed.[34][35]. Ju 52/3ms formed the backbone of German airlift capability throughout World War II, delivering thousands of troops and tons of supplies to European theatres. A number of examples have survived in museums; and others have been airworthy in the United States, Switzerland, and Germany. Between 1934 and 1935, a total of 450 Ju 52/3mg3e aircraft were delivered to the Luftwaffe. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari Csar (2008). Read More:The Quest to Build a Flying Submarine. In addition all bags are subject to search and may be placed through an X-Ray machine. "Escuela Militar de Paracaidismo" (Military school of Parachuting) (in Spanish). Weapons are not permitted including pocket knives and firearms, to include conceal carry and other dangerous weapons. [28], During the opening days of the Netherlands campaign, many German aircraft were shot down by Dutch AA-fire; a total of 125 Ju 52s were lost and 47 damaged; author Hooton considered these losses to have been relatively costly for the Luftwaffe. The Ju 52 was similar to the company's previous Junkers W 33, although larger. However, it was considered there would be difficulty operating this engine type due to factory technical data, specifications, and stress figures being not available as the Junkers facility at Dessau was taken over by Russian forces. )Parking brakes SET . [26][27], The Ju 52 transport aircraft participated in the attack on the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. Eventually Junkers built 4,835 Ju 52/3m aircraft and the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) accepted 2,804 and used them in varied roles such as troop carrier, bomber, and ambulance. Wingspan: 29 m (95 ft 2 in) The type will be remembered as a transport. The Ju 52/1m was able to land on wheels, skis, or floats (as were all Ju 52 variants). The Luftwaffe then relied on the Ju 52 for transport roles during World War II, including paratroop drops. The Junkers Ju 52/3m is a three-engine short-range airliner for max. [1], On 13 October 1930, the first prototype, designated Ju 52ba, performed the type's maiden flight; it was initially powered by a single Junkers-built liquid-cooled V-12 engine, capable of generating up to 800hp. 5 RTR 19/11/41 Ju 52 III 0 An armed scout aircraft developed during creation of the light transport aircraft Ao 192 CA. The Ju 52's maiden flight was performed on 13 October 1930. 170 aircraft). Almost as many were in action during the invasion of France and the Low Countries, and in both campaigns well over a quarter of the Junkers Ju 52/3m transports involved were lost. "Luftwaffe at War: Blitzkrieg in the West." ", Morzik, F. "German Air Force Airlift Operations.". Ju 52s seldom, if ever, performed in this role during World War II (though a number had in the Spanish Civil War). 6306 Ju 52/3mg3e on static display at the, 6657 Ju 52/3mg4e on static display at the, 6304 Ju 52/3mg3e on static display at the, T.2B-211 CASA 352L on static display at the, T.2B-246 CASA 352L on static display at.
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