This function applies only to the inner workings of the body. When one side acts alone, it causes the head to rotate to the opposite side and flexes laterally to the same side (ipsilaterally). Internet Journal of Medical Update 2013; 8(2):62-64, Sternocleidomastoid muscle (highlighted in green) - anterior view image - Kenhub, Gray, Henry. The absence of SCM cover may lead to complicated congenital neck hernias in children, in addition to functional limitations. The Internet Journal of Human Anatomy. When acting together it flexes the neck and extends the head. Top Contributors - Venus Pagare, Kim Jackson, Joao Costa, Admin, Daniele Barilla, WikiSysop, Joshua Samuel, Tarina van der Stockt, Lucinda hampton, Evan Thomas and Oyemi Sillo, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) (synonym musculus sternocleidomastoideus)is a paired superficial muscle in the anterior portion of the neck. Your sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is a powerful neck muscle that allows you to bend your neck and turn or tilt your head. The insertion of a muscle: 1. in a limb is usually proximal to the origin. You can also allow your head to hang back on some type of support such as a chair, the wall, or stacked blocks. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. For example, when you rotate or turn your head to the right, your left SCM is contracting. The SCM can often be related to general head and neck pain, including migraine headaches. Under the sternocleidomastoid region runs a neurovascular bundle containing: When putting a central venous catheter (CVC), the medial edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle serves as a lead structure. On both sides of your neck, each muscle runs down the front of your neck and splits to attach to the top of your sternum and collarbone. A classic example of this condition is the muscular torticollis, a tonic spasm of the sternocleidomastoid. - Definition & Function, Platysma Muscle: Action, Origin & Innervation, Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: Origin, Insertion & Action, Sternocleidomastoid: Nerve Supply & Trigger Points, Digastric Muscle: Action, Origin & Insertion, Digastric Muscle: Definition, Function & Innervation, Omohyoid Muscle: Function, Origin & Innervation, Longus Colli Muscle: Action, Origin & Insertion, Scalene Muscles: Function, Innervation & Action, Levator Scapulae: Origin, Insertion & Action, Levator Scapulae: Definition, Function & Innervation, Obliquus Capitis Muscles: Inferior & Superior, Semispinalis Capitis: Action, Origin & Insertion, Semispinalis Capitis: Definition, Function & Innervation, Splenius Capitis Muscle: Definition, Origin & Action, Muscle Dysfunction in the Head, Neck & Shoulders, SAT Subject Test Chemistry: Tutoring Solution, SAT Subject Test Physics: Tutoring Solution, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, CSET Science Subtest II Chemistry (218): Practice & Study Guide, NY Regents Exam - Earth Science: Help and Review, NY Regents Exam - Chemistry: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Earth Science: Tutoring Solution, Middle School Physical Science: Homework Help Resource, Middle School Physical Science: Help and Review, Middle School Physical Science: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Chemistry: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, CLEP Biology: Study Guide & Test Prep Course, Human Serum Albumin: Definition, Test & Normal Levels, Iron Deficiency Anemia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment, What Is a Thrombus? Churchill Livingstone. Your sternocleidomastoid helps you bend your neck and turn and tilt your head. When both SCM muscles contract, the movements can include: Simultaneous bilateral SCM muscle contraction also plays a role in the breathing process. The Latin translation of 'quadriceps' is 'four headed,' as the group, The palmaris brevis muscle lies just underneath the skin. Copyright Some common causes include sleeping awkwardly, having bad posture, and slouching for long periods, Having muscle tightness and pain is a common but bothersome problem for people who exercise or those with underlying conditions. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle pain in the neck typically results from muscle tension or performing repeated motions. I give my consent to Physiopedia to be in touch with me via email using the information I have provided in this form for the purpose of news, updates and marketing. https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/sternocleidomastoid-muscle, http:///index.php?title=Sternocleidomastoid&oldid=328732, a medial rounded and tendinous sternal head (SH). The clavicular head is composed of fleshy and aponeurotic fibers, arises from the upper, frontal surface of the medial third of the clavicle; it is directed almost vertically upward. One originates from the collarbone/clavicle and the other from the breastbone/manubrium. 3. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The sternocleidomastoid muscle originates from two locations: the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle. Stretching your neck regularly and taking steps to manage stress can help prevent tension and strain that can lead to stiffness and pain in your SCM muscle. Images captured from Muscle Premium. It could be a cyst, infection, bursitis, a lipoma, basal cell carcinoma, or a side effect of your avid tennis, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. The two heads join into one muscle belly that goes on to insert on the lateral surface of themastoid process of the temporal bone and the lateral half of thesuperior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Variations Of The Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: A Literature Review. You could put all that together to get a muscle that attaches onto the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process. An ultrasound can help them diagnose trauma to the sternocleidomastoid, while an X-ray can rule out broken bones. in Exercise Physiology from Furman University and a M.S. Anne Asher, ACE-certified personal trainer, health coach, and orthopedic exercise specialist, is a back and neck pain expert. The SCM muscle borders two neck regions known as triangles. The functions of this long, thick muscle are: It also helps in chewing and swallowing and stabilizes your head when you drop it backward. Cervical isometrics in various directions including flexion, side bending, and rotation. The SCM becomes chronically shortened in cases of torticollis. The Internet Journal of Human Anatomy 2010, Sternocleidomastoid muscle video - Kenhub. The sternocleidomastoid is a tough muscle crossing the side of the neck that tilts the head forward in addition to tilting and rotating the head to either side. Muscles Testing and Function with Posture and Pain. An impairment or injury to the spinal accessory nerve can cause weakness or paralysis to the SCM. The muscles of the face give it general form and contour, help you outwardly express your feelings, and enable you to chew your food. The number of these extra clavicular slips may vary and such occurrence may be unilateral or bilateral. It doesnt extend beyond your breastbone (where the sternal head begins) or collarbones (where the clavicular head begins). a 1, 2, 3, 4 b 1, 2, 4 c 1, 3 d 3, 4 D 2. Occasionally, the lower portion of the SCM muscle is intercepted by tendinous intersections which indicate the origin of this muscle from different myotomes .The organizational pattern of the SCM can be arranged into five distinct topographical parts, namely the superficial sternomastoid, profound sternomastoid, sterno occipital, cleidomastoid and cleidooccipital parts which are arranged in superficial and deep layers. Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD This extension movement brings the head backward. Injuries and tension within your SCM can lead to pain and stiffness. Hot and cold therapies are a simple option to treat pain at home. [5][6] It supplies only motor fibres. This muscle helps the neck to turn to the side, flex to the side, and bend forward. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Lateral surface of mastoid process of the temporal bone, Lateral half of superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, Accessory nerve (CN XI), branches of cervical plexus (C2-C3), Neck muscles, nerves and vessels(cadaveric dissection) - Prof. Carlos Surez-Quian. MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. [2] Itprotects the vertical neurovascular bundle of neck, branches of cervical plexus, deep cervical lymph nodes and soft tissues of neck from damage[2], Image: Sternocleidomastoid muscle (highlighted in green) - anterior view[3], They arise from the anterolateral surface of the manubrium sterni and the medial third of the superior surface of the clavicle, respectively. Anatomy of the Human Body. Your SCM muscle starts at the bottom of your neck, wraps around both sides and ends at the base of your skull. Keep reading to learn more about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of sternocleidomastoid pain. The cervical plexus supplies sensation, including proprioception, from the ventral primary rami of C2 and C3.[5]. The SCM has two heads. It also belongs to the anterior neck muscles. carrying a heavy object, such as a child or backpack, in an awkward position, poor posture, for example, when a person spends long days hunched over a computer or straining their neck to reach things in the garden, an awkward work station layout that makes a person hold their neck in an uncomfortable position, tension or injury in other muscles of the shoulders, neck, or back, holding a phone between the ear and shoulder, sleeping in an awkward position or on an uncomfortable pillow, unexplained ear pain, which may present as soreness, aching, or a sense of fullness in the ear, pain in the face or the front of the head, headaches, including migraine-like headaches, neck stiffness, including difficulty rotating the head from side to side. Consider wearing a neck brace while you sleep to keep your neck in the correct position. Hasan T. Variations of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a literature review. In other words, if we turn our head to the left, the right side of SCM will contract.
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