Yan L, et al. By analogy with the classical, psychophysical, definition of human trichromacy [ 1 ], a tetrachromatic observer will require four primaries in a color . Tetrachromatic color vision here refers to human color vision that relies on the presence of four types of retinal cone photopigment whose signals are processed independently. China Mater. The notion that watching TV in a dark room is bad for your eyes has been around for a long time. S21, which illustrated the BTBTT6-syn-based neuromorphic array owned good image perception and storage capability. By analogy with the classical, psychophysical definition of human trichromacy An official website of the United States government. S19). CAS Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Huang J. Detecting 100 fW cm. As shown in Fig. Mater. As shown in Fig. High speed ultraviolet phototransistors based on an ambipolar fullerene derivative. Chem. Zhou F, et al. Electron. A flexible ultrasensitive optoelectronic sensor array for neuromorphic vision systems. 134, 24292433 (2012). ACS Appl. 32, 2200959 (2022). S5)46,47. c The dependence of photocurrent on light intensity based on bare SiO2/PMMA. A detailed explanation was described in Supplementary Note1. A high mobility air-stable n-type organic small molecule semiconductor with high UV-visible-to-NIR photoresponse. 23, 30953099 (2011). Today 18, 493502 (2015). 32, 2203074 (2022). In the former part, a convolution kernel was designed to simulate the extraction of UV information, the convolution kernel is a matrix of weight values used to perform a weighted average operation. As shown in Fig. On this basis, when the device was illuminated under ultraweak UV light (Area I), free electrons and holes are generated in the light-absorbing BTBTT6-syn thin-film layer. Compared with the devices using buffer layers, a large number of photogenerated electrons was trapped by the large density of hydroxyl groups on SiO2 surface, leading to the left free holes easily drifted toward the drain electrodes driven by the electric field for the realization of ultraweak light detection. The vision system is fundamentally a sensing-memory-processing system, and the retina system can not only sense light, but also preform pre-processing and modification with amacrine cells and ganglions. Unlike humans, several species of insects (e.g., butterflies, fish, and birds) can see UV light, endowing them the ability of tetrachromatic vision. 1b) was proposed to perform the sensing function of PRC. The light pink shading regions in ac and f represent the duration of UV light stimuli. Subsequently, Supplementary Movie2 is split into 74 frames with an interval of 20ms, and the interframe differential computations are introduced to frame difference calculation of the memorized graphs53. e The retention property of different current levels for the bare SiO2 device. PubMed Central Mater. Today, she knows that this is a symptom of a condition known as "tetrachromacy". Mater. 11, 3 (2022). S24), despite the low dynamic range of conductance margin. f The detection limit of our OPTs is compared with that previously reported, each symbol represents the corresponding reference. S19). The responsive properties of OPTs with bare SiO2 dielectric were first studied, and the typical transfer characteristics under 370nm ultraviolet with different light intensity were shown in Fig. This highly compact all-in-one sensor device could simplify the circuit in artificial vision system, improve information processing efficiency and reduce power consumption4,5,6,7,8. Electron. Then, in a vacuum of 1105Pa, a 10nm BTBTT6-syn film was deposited on the buffer layer or bare SiO2 at a deposition rate of 0.04s1; a metal mask was used to deposit 20nm Au on the surface of the BTBTT6-syn at a deposition rate of 0.08s1 as source/drain electrodes. co-wrote the manuscript. Mater. Peer reviewer reports are available. 12, 1798 (2021). Chem. Tetrachromatic color vision here refers to human color vision that relies on the presence of four types of retinal cone photopigment whose signals are processed independently. Organic phototransistors (OPTs) represent a viable approach for developing NeuVS that integrates light information sensing-memory-processing capabilities20,21,22. 1d, the device array using 68 patterns were prepared with bottom-gate top-contact (BGTC) configuration. Then the EPSC gradually decayed to a stable current value of 6.5nA in ~10s. The stable PSC of 6.5nA could be maintained, indicating the property of long-term depression (LTP) and endowing the device as a component with integrated memory and sensing functions, rather than a pure detector device50. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal To date, however, the cases of OPTs with UV detection sensitivity of a few Wcm2 level or even lower detection were only reported in single crystal devices, precise manipulation of single crystals is still a daunting challenge for large-scale fabrication and more complex integration applications28,29. 114, E6739E6748 (2017). Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, C. 9, 75837590 (2021). Organic UV-sensitive phototransistors based on distriphenylamineethynylpyrene derivatives with ultra-high detectivity approaching 10. Tang, J. et al. The motion detection suggests that the proposed BTBTT6-syn-based devices can be used for both static and dynamic recognition. Nanoscale 13, 2049820507 (2021). 1g, TableS1)29,3243. Tetrachromacy: the mysterious case of extra-ordinary color 1 vision Gabriele Jordan and John Mollon2 Recent years have witnessed a growing public interest in human tetrachromacy - the possibility that a subpopulation of women enjoy an extra dimension of color vision. 14, 776782 (2019). Ji D, et al. ACS Appl. f EPSC of the devices with different buffer layers. Inspired by the principle that butterflies seek nectar, the UV-ultrasensitive characteristics of the BTBTT6-syn-based device enable us to demonstrate the motion detection of petals and pistils. Song I, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The trap dominated in detection of ultraweak light was proposed and the synergistic effect of the exciton binding energy and carrier mobility was responsive for the higher light intensity detection. Tunable linearity of high-performance vertical dual-gate vdW phototransistors. Moreover, as shown in Fig. High-performance UV-sensitive organic phototransistors based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene dimers linked with unsaturated bonds. Chen H, Liu K, Hu L, Al-Ghamdi AA, Fang X. Color vision in vertebrates is a result of the cones in the retina. Curr. It is worth mentioning that all the best value of R above 106AW1 and D* above 1016 Jones can be achieved on different dielectric layers, and the performance of our OPTs in all aspects is compared with that reported in previous literature, as shown in TableS1, demonstrating the strong detection ability of weak light by using BTBTT6-syn-based phototransistors. Huang, J. et al. The motion detection suggests that the proposed BTBTT6-syn-based devices can be used for both static and dynamic recognition. Tao, J. et al. Connectome of the lamina reveals the circuit for early color processing in the visual pathway of a butterfly. Figure4b, c showed that the synaptic strength of LTP could be enhanced by increasing the illumination intensity or the duration of light pulses, with the significantly increased peak value of the EPSC and thus the high dynamic range of weight change. Mater. S1d and S3), which is the best result among the organic UV-sensitive phototransistors (Fig. J. Mater. The performance of LTP was further verified by retention tests. Song KM, et al. Nature 581, 278282 (2020). Bridging biological and artificial neural networks with emerging neuromorphic devices: fundamentals, progress, and challenges. The as-fabricated thin-film OPTs show ultraweak UV detection with light intensity as low as 31nWcm2. Crossover from band-like to thermally activated charge transport in organic transistors due to strain-induced traps. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The NeuVS array can perform static and dynamic image recognition from the original color image by filtering red, green and blue noise, and significantly improve the recognition accuracy from 46 to 90%. Electron. Besides the detection to weak light, we continue to study the capability of device adapting itself to UV light with high illumination intensity. Baeg, K. J., Binda, M., Natali, D., Caironi, M. & Noh, Y. Y. Organic light detectors: photodiodes and phototransistors. & Yang, J. J. Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Phys. S13b and S15) was not correspondingly improved compared with SiO2-based device, which can be explained by the relatively weak ability to detect and converting ultraweak light into electric current using buffer layers modified devices. Band-like transport in small-molecule thin films toward high mobility and ultrahigh detectivity phototransistor arrays. Nanowire arrays restore vision in blind mice. Hongkun Tian, Haifeng Ling or Deyang Ji. Tang J, et al. Commercial LED with the optical filter of 450nm, 520nm, and 650nm and xenon lamp with a wavelength of 370nm together with a Keithley 2636B semiconductor parameter analyzer was used during the measurement of synaptic characteristics. Since there were less electron trap density at the interface of PS/SiO2 and PPO/SiO2 device (Fig. Interfaces 9, 2873728742 (2017). Commun. a Schematic illustration of the pre-processing feature realization and the multilayer neural network for digit recognition. Dey A, Singh A, Das D, Iyer PK. Will retinal implants restore vision? Commercial LED with the optical filter of 450nm, 520nm, and 650nm and xenon lamp with a wavelength of 370nm together with a Keithley 2636B semiconductor parameter analyzer was used during the measurement of synaptic characteristics. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Due to the unique structure, BTBTT6-syn thin-film owns the ability of effective charge transport30,31. Article Adv. Five-ring-fused asymmetric thienoacenes for high mobility organic thin-film transistors: the influence of the position of the s atom in the terminal thiophene ring. Tetrachromacy is the rare ability to see up 100x more colors than the normal human eye can see. Adv. b Recognition accuracy with and without neuromorphic pre-processing. The synaptic OPTs show reliable long-term potentiation (LTP) functions with the best retention time up to 20,000s. An artificial neural network (ANN) with the NeuVS cores is simulated to perform static and dynamic image pre-processing by extracting UV information from the original optical image. As shown in Fig. Masland R. The fundamental plan of the retina. Interfaces 10, 1020210210 (2018). Nat. 100, 106363 (2022). Adv. 33, 2105466 (2021). 3cf), indicating the smaller energy required for the separation of photogenerated excitons into free electrons and holes on the buffer layer modified interfaces. Int. Benefiting from the UV-ultrasensitive and tunable synaptic plasticity, the OPT array can be used to simulate the pre-processing feature. 18, 3260232609 (2016). Yao, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, H. & Samor, P. Organic photodetectors based on supramolecular nanostructures. The average human can distinguish about one million colors. S22 and S23), the EPSC and weight update values obtained under the illumination of RGB light were much lower than that of UV light, indicating the high UV selective response properties of the synaptic OPTs and the OPTs can be used to simulate the tetrachromatic vision. 65, 25212528 (2022). ANIMAL TETRACHROMACY: Tetrachromacy is an early vertebrate characteristic, existing in sh and reptiles, Mater. S12) could be mainly ascribed to the decrease of interface trap density (Fig. As discussed above, the collective effect of the lower exciton binding energy and higher carrier mobility determined the increase of P value with the aid of buffer layers under the illumination intensity from 370 to 1600nWcm2. GUID:57B21182-072A-442D-A779-3B96BD7B1B96, GUID:B0A1E23D-79E7-4E91-B8AA-2BF0CEBA6E10, Description of Additional Supplementary Files, GUID:DD7E7881-5132-4923-8E42-1D773699164A, GUID:C6FF3E01-0230-421E-A580-F395EB41CAD9, GUID:7FC7D0B0-66DD-466D-BBD7-AB370975E3E0, GUID:69F38C18-F566-4AE9-BBFE-1C7A9E6EEB76, Electronic devices, Surfaces, interfaces and thin films. performed the experiments. In addition, the LTP characteristic was also dependent on the number of light pulses. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Adv. 2d and S9). Pan S, Liu Q, Zhao J, Li G. Ultrahigh detectivity and wide dynamic range ultraviolet photodetectors based on Bi. Retina-inspired carbon nitride-based photonic synapses for selective detection of UV light. By modulating the trap density at the dielectric layer interface, the recognition rate of >90% is further achieved. Sci. Connectome of the lamina reveals the circuit for early color processing in the visual pathway of a butterfly. The artificial vision system is composed of a sensing unit, a memory unit and a processing unit (Fig. The performance of LTP was further verified by retention tests. Gu, L. et al. An increased number (N=100) of presynaptic spikes was applied (Fig. Then the currents decrease gradually (1min to 5min), and the device array performed a nonvolatile feature to UV image input. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. PubMed Whats more, the best optical figures of merit, including photosensitivity (P) closing to 106, the photoresponsivity (R) as high as 107AW1, and the specific detectivity (D*) above 1017 Jones, presenting one of the highest values among all organic photodetectors. S18). d P of the phototransistor based on bare SiO2 dielectric comparison with single-component PS, PMMA, PPO at low illumination intensity. Since there were less electron trap density at the interface of PS/SiO2 and PPO/SiO2 device (Fig. By analogy with the classical, psychophysical, definition of human trichromacy [ 1 ], a tetrachromatic observer will require four primaries in a color-matching experiment . As a result, they can see almost a hundred times more colors than usual. PL spectra for BTBTT6-syn films with a Bare SiO2, c SiO2/PS, d SiO2/PMMA, and e SiO2/PPO. J. Tetrachromatic color vision here refers to human color vision that relies on the presence of four types of retinal cone photopigment whose signals are processed independently. Memristive crossbar arrays for brain-inspired computing. Ultralowpower and multisensory artificial synapse based on electrolytegated vertical organic transistors. In fact, there are two distinct types. 8600 Rockville Pike & Fang, X. S11) of BTBTT6-syn thin-film were not changed that much on different surfaces. Skyrmion-based artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. 1f, TableS1)29,3243. ITO glass substrates used in the study were successively cleaned with deionized water, acetone, pure ethanol, and then dried with nitrogen. As shown in Fig. Adv. Zhu L, et al. Proc. The devices with a different buffer layer (PS, PMMA, and PPO) were also characterized and shown in Fig. The phototransistors were characterized in the air by using a Keithley 4200-SCS analyzer and were illuminated by the assistance of the xenon lighted source as 370nm UV ultraviolet. A bias light illuminates the area behind the TV and causes your pupils to constrict more than the light from the TV itself, reducing eye strain. Neuromorphic vision sensor (NeuVS) can emulate the in-sensor computing operations of visual perception system through integrating functions of photosensor and artificial synapse in one device3. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. After sensing with the device arrays, pistil signals in the memorized graphs are significantly enhanced, the petal signal is suppressed, and the surrounding signals are almost completely suppressed (Supplementary Movie2). 2a and S4). Bridging biological and artificial neural networks with emerging neuromorphic devices: fundamentals, progress, and challenges. Tetrachromacy allows some people to see colors that are not visible to most others. A flexible capacitive photoreceptor for the biomimetic retina. After the light spike (0s), the currents of the NeuVS array greatly increased. D.J., H.L., and W.H. S1b and S1c, respectively23. Besides, the EPSC of the devices with a different buffer layer (PS, PMMA, and PPO) were also measured (Fig. matic vision, having only two opsins maximally sensitive to short and long wavelengths (Kelber et al. As discussed above, the collective effect of the lower exciton binding energy and higher carrier mobility determined the increase of P value with the aid of buffer layers under the illumination intensity from 370 to 1600nWcm2. Ed. More importantly, the fabricated devices could even detect the UV light intensity as low as 31nWcm2, which was the lowest detectable intensity in organic UV-sensitive phototransistors (Fig. High-performance UV-sensitive organic phototransistors based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene dimers linked with unsaturated bonds. S22 and S23), the EPSC and weight update values obtained under the illumination of RGB light were much lower than that of UV light, indicating the high UV selective response properties of the synaptic OPTs and the OPTs can be used to simulate the tetrachromatic vision. 32, 1906899 (2020). One possible explanation is that the buffer layer could reduce the trap density (NT) on the bare SiO2 interface (Fig. By analogy with the classical, psychophysical definition of human trichromacy [ 1 ], a tetrachromatic observer will require four primaries in a color-matching . If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. VD and VR in 4af represent for the drain voltage and reading gate voltage, respectively. Depending on the spectral sensitivity, typically, human retina contains three types of PRC to perceive visible light, forming trichromatic vision9,10,11,12,13. Obviously, the dynamic range of weight change could be well modulated by the interfacial trapping of the buffer layer. In tetrachromatic organisms, the sensory color space is four-dimensional, meaning that matching the sensory effect of arbitrarily chosen spectra of light within their visible spectrum requires mixtures of at least four primary colors . S1a). D.J., H.L., H.T., T.J., and Y.W. CAS b The schematics of neuromorphic vision organic sensor. Color vision in humans relies on short, medium, and long types of cone cells reacting to blue, green, and red wavelengths of light, respectively. Internet Explorer). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Mei Y, et al. Meanwhile, the value of R (Fig. S13a and S14) and D* (Fig. Whats more, the best optical figures of merit, including photosensitivity (P) closing to 106, the photoresponsivity (R) as high as 107AW1, and the specific detectivity (D*) above 1017 Jones, presenting one of the highest values among all organic photodetectors. Based on the ultraweak UV light detection and interface charge trapping ability, the synaptic OPTs were further investigated for emulating light information memory and processing of the visual perception system7. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra were characterized by FLS1000 spectrophotometer (Hitachi) from 77 to 297K. The interfacial trap density (NT) was estimated as a function of temperature (T) from the subthreshold swing (S), according to the following equation: where Ci denotes the capacitance per unit area across gate dielectric, and e is the elementary charge, and charge mobility () was calculated according the following equation: The data related to the figures and other findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. In view of this, exploring the perception UV range of neuromorphic vision sensors is very necessary for early warning of ultraviolet radiation. For example, butterflies can distinguish stamen and pistil from petal of plants in an UV light pattern for eating targeted nectar accurately15. Interfaces 9, 3542735436 (2017). Adv. Photosensitive organic field effect transistors: the influence of ZnPc morphology and bilayer dielectrics for achieving a low operating voltage and low bias stress effect. 72, 15 (2019). Interfaces 10, 74877496 (2018). An ultrahigh value of R closing to 107AW1 was obtained with ultrahigh detectivity ~21017 Jones, which presented the strong ability of SiO2-based devices to detect and convert ultraweak light into electric current. It consists of having one more type of cone, which are the retina cells in charge of color vision. : Sci. As a result, it was found that under the intensity of 1600nWcm2, the value of P increased by at least one order of magnitude and the best value could reach to 8105 (Fig. However, due to the uncertainty of the natural environment, the UV signal is very hard to be detected and perceived. FOIA Men aren't as likely to be tetrachromats. Article Asymmetric conjugated molecules based on [1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene for high-mobility organic thin-film transistors: Influence of alkyl chain length. Phys. Moreover, BTBTT6-syn thin-film exhibits strong and unique absorption in UV region with the centered peaks around 370nm (Fig. Definition. These three colors together make up the normal. With the integration of optical detection and retention capabilities, the as-prepared synaptic OPTs become a potential candidate of NeuVS for image sensing and memorization51. Tuning the photoresponse in organic field-effect transistors. In addition, to perform comparative experiments, the phototransistors based on pure polymer single-component dielectric layers (PS, PMMA and PPO) on ITO/glass substrate without SiO2 dielectric layer were also fabricated, which showed lower trap density than the device with SiO2 dielectric layer (Fig. S10) and molecular stacking (Fig. It has been verified that there is a large density of hydroxyl groups in the form of silanols on the surface of SiO245, the introduction of buffer layer could effectively reduce these electron-trapping sites. To obtain As a result, tetrachromacy has been dubbed "super vision" and the tetrachromatic "super women." Can tetrachromats see UV light? While it is rare, it is even rarer to find functionality testing for it.. Mei, Y. et al. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0717900), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62004138, 52273190, 52121002, 21573277, 51503221, 61905121), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS202006), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (no. Article S5). Due to tailorable molecular properties, this three-terminal optoelectronic device can effectively modulate the channel carriers, electric field distribution, and photocurrent for realizing ultraweak UV light detection2327. Commun. 9, 2202019 (2022). We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. Li G, et al. A fully solution-printed photosynaptic transistor array with ultralow energy consumption for artificial-vision neural networks. 60, 1534815353 (2021). However, a bias light should be a specific color of white (technically called D65) and 10% of the peak brightness of the display so it doesn't affect your perception of the images on the screen. Chem. Google Scholar. It was calculated that the EB on bare SiO2 interface is 127.8meV (Fig. High performance ternary organic phototransistors with photoresponse up to 2600 nm at room temperature. Two-dimensional perovskite-gated AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor for neuromorphic vision sensor. Retina-inspired carbon nitride-based photonic synapses for selective detection of UV light. In addition, to perform comparative experiments, the phototransistors based on pure polymer single-component dielectric layers (PS, PMMA and PPO) on ITO/glass substrate without SiO2 dielectric layer were also fabricated, which showed lower trap density than the device with SiO2 dielectric layer (Fig. Tetrachromatic vision-inspired neuromorphic sensors with ultraweak ultraviolet detection. BTBTT6-syn is a kind of BTBT-based asymmetric molecules (inset of Fig. Ultralowpower and multisensory artificial synapse based on electrolytegated vertical organic transistors. Under the light intensity above 123nWcm2 (Area II), the nonlinearity determined that the photovoltaic mode had a decisive influence on the photoresponse operating process24,48. b The schematics of neuromorphic vision organic sensor. Wang, L. et al. J. Article 24, 23052309 (2012). It has been verified that there is a large density of hydroxyl groups in the form of silanols on the surface of SiO245, the introduction of buffer layer could effectively reduce these electron-trapping sites. Benefiting from asymmetric molecular structure and unique UV absorption of the active layer, the as fabricated UV-ultrasensitive NeuVS can detect 370nm UV-light with the illumination intensity as low as 31nWcm2, exhibiting one of the best optical figures of merit in UV-sensitive neuromorphic vision sensors. T.J., Y.W., Y.Z., L.W., and X.H. Small exciton binding energies enabling direct charge photogeneration towards low-driving-force organic solar cells. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that an ancestor of vertebrate visual pigments evolved into four kinds of cone-type pigments, from one of which rhodopsins diverged. 6, 2000062 (2020). Photoelectric effect of hybrid ultraviolet-sensitized phototransistors from an n-type organic semiconductor and an all-inorganic perovskite quantum dot photosensitizer. Google Scholar. performed the experiments. PubMed Here, inspired by the tetrachromatic visual system, we report a controllable UV-ultrasensitive neuromorphic vision sensor (NeuVS) that uses organic phototransistors (OPTs) as the working unit to integrate sensing, memory and processing functions. Ling H, et al. Meanwhile, the value of R (Fig. 4f and S20). The authors declare no competing interests. More importantly, the fabricated devices could even detect the UV light intensity as low as 31nWcm2, which was the lowest detectable intensity in organic UV-sensitive phototransistors (Fig. On the other hand, UV light with the wavelength of 320400nm is supposed to have long wave black spot effect for strong penetration and is harmful to the retina, especially damaging the cornea2,18. So yes, the CIE-like-diagram for tetrachromats would be a tetrahedron instead of a triangle but its content - the hues - cannot contain anything new: that would require . the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Nat. Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work. d The 68 patterned device array. Chem. A biomimetic eye with a hemispherical perovskite nanowire array retina. 5a, visual system was divided into two parts, neuromorphic pre-processing, and image recognition. 2b, c and S6. Tetrachromacy is an early vertebrate characteristic,existing inWsh and reptiles, and is evolutionarily moreancient than primate trichromacy. Moreover, due to the uncertainty of the natural environment, the existence of other light wavelengths as the noise would interfere with the detection. Mater. Li, A. et al. The code used for the simulation is available from the corresponding author with detailed explanations upon reasonable request. BK20190734), the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations and the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (2022ZB402). For example, when focusing on the information given by the characteristic color, the vision system can filter other colors. ACS Appl. Appl. The light pink shading regions in ac and f represent the duration of UV light stimuli. Tetrachromatic color vision here refers to human color vision that relies on the presence of four types of retinal cone photopigment whose signals are processed independently. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Vision is complex, but the calculus of color is strangely simple: Each cone confers the ability to distinguish around a hundred shades, so the total number of combinations is at least 100^3, or a million. government site. CAS In addition to UV-ultrasensitive property, the OPTs can also emulate the biological synapses for light signal sensing, memory and pre-processing. Phys. Here, 2-hexylthieno[4,5-b][1] benzothieno[3,2-b][1] benzothiophene (BTBTT6-syn) with asymmetric molecular structure and unique UV absorption is selected as the active layer to prepare UV-sensitive NeuVS.
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