global economic impact of obesity

The total economic impact of obesity is about $2 trillion a year, or 2.8% of world GDProughly equivalent to the economic damage caused by smoking or armed violence, war, and terrorism, according to new research by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI). The COVID-19 pandemic is straining health systems worldwide, and the socio-economic impact of the outbreak is immense, particularly on already vulnerable individuals especially those with underlying chronic conditions. This result clearly demonstrates the outsized role obesity has played in the health and economic damage caused by COVID-19. Every single region will see an increase in economic impact by 2035, with the Americas (North, Central and South America) shouldering the highest costs as a proportion of GDP (3.7%) and the Western Pacific region the highest total costs (US$1.56 trillion). Meet the Milken Institute leadership team. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. To examine the association between motherhood status (mothers, voluntarily childless, involuntarily childless) and overweight and obesity over 22 years. Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction. Mannan M, Doi SA, Mamun AA. Global childhood obesity has skyrocketed with an increase of more than eightfold over 40 years. You can opt out or change your mind by visiting: http://optout.aboutads.info/. Reliability and validity of a modified self-administered version of the Active Australia physical activity survey in a sample of mid-age women. Cohort profile: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Womens Health. Abma JC, Gladys MM. ISSN 0307-0565 (print), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01329-x, https://alswh.org.au/for-data-users/applying-for-data/, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight, https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/health/health-conditions-and-risks/national-health-survey-first-results/2017-18, https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/fertility/worldFertilityReport2013.pdf, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/2033.0.55.0012011, https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2022/03/national-obesity-strategy-2022-2032_0.pdf. This years edition of WOFs World Obesity Atlas reviews the evidence of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and COVID-19 and finds that in countries where overweight and obesity prevalence is less than 50 percent, the mortality rate from COVID-19 is one-tenth of the level observed in countries with an overweight and obesity prevalence above 50 percent. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Besides excess health care expenditure, obesity also imposes costs in the form of lost productivity and . Get the latest news from the Global Obesity Observatory. review adds to the current research on the economic impact of obesity by providing We canand mustdo more. 9 Annual nationwide productivity costs of obesity-related absenteeism range between $3.38 billion ($79 per individual with obesity) and $6.38 billion ($132 per individual with obesity). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, International Journal of Obesity (Int J Obes) Addressing these issues will be valuable in so many ways, to billions of people. CAS Registered in England and Wales, 3802726. Today, investment in obesity research worldwide amounts to some $4 billion a yearjust 0.2% of the estimated social costs of obesity. NewsEconomic impact of overweight and obesity to surpass $4 trillion by 2035. ALSWH survey data are owned by the Australian Government Department of Health and due to the personal nature of the data collected, release by ALSWH is subject to strict contractual and ethical restrictions. Tanturri ML, Mencarini L. Childless or childfree? If you have any further feedback or suggestions please email us at obesity@worldobesity.org. The Global Economic Impacts of Obesity: Present Costs and Future Estimates Quantifying the economic and social impacts of obesity to advocate for systemic solutions Project Summary Objective: To develop a modeling framework of obesity's direct and indirect costs to society in low- and middle-income countries. We discovered that there were only studies published about five LMICs, and they varied tremendously in the types of direct and indirect costs included, the diseases included, and the methodologies employed, making comparison of results difficult. All Rights Reserved. Nutr Rev. Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. The pandemic proportions of excess body weight were also confirmed by the studies published in this Special Issue. Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Wise LA, Horton NJ, Kumanyika SK, Adams-Campbell LL. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, each year these obesity attributable diseases cause over 5 million deaths and 160 million disability-adjusted life years globally. 2004;28:52535. For example, the average preparedness ranking for low income countries is just 154/183 compared to 29/183 for high income countries. Table 8:Body Mass Index, waist circumference, height and weight. Australian Bureau of Statistics. And the problem is likely to worsen. Obes Rev 2020;21:e13128. Ball K, Brown W, Crawford D. Who does not gain weight? Google Scholar. As a result, obesity can lock in poverty and perpetuate inequality. To obtain Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Dev Psychol. J Marriage Fam. Over the past several decades, obesity has grown into a major global epidemic. The pilot study of eight countries, which will be followed by a full global study of 140 countries in Spring 2022, found that high BMI had a significant economic impact in 2019. CYJ and GDM contributed to all aspects of the study design. ScienceDaily . The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of the Universities of Queensland and Newcastle. In the mid-twentieth century, for example, a boom in phosphate mining transformed the Micronesian island state of Nauru from a land of food shortages and starvation to the worlds leader in obesity and type-2 diabetes. [1][2] Several countries worldwide have witnessed a double or triple escalation in the prevalence of obesity in the last three decades (Figure 1, Figure2), probably due to urbanization . By 2035, the economic impact of overweight and obesity is estimated to be over $370 billion a year in low and lower-middle income countries alone. The World Obesity Federation is calling on Governments to adopt the ROOTS framework for tackling obesity which was developed by a panel of global obesity experts last year. (2023)Cite this article. Only a coherent, sustained portfolio of initiatives, implemented on a large scale, will be effective. Catalyzing Solutions. In 2005, according to the WHO, 94% of men and 93% of women in Nauru were overweight, and more than 70% of the population was obese. As emerging economies climb out of poverty, their citizens are becoming fatter. Ceballo R, Lansford JE, Abbey A, Stewart AJ. Price SA, Sumithran P, Nankervis A, Permezel M, Proietto J. Preconception management of women with obesity: a systematic review. Last month we published our latest study in BMJ Global Health on the economic impact of overweight and obesity in 8 pilot countries. Today, according to the latest edition of the study, more than 2.1 billion peoplenearly 30% of the global populationare overweight or obese. It is our hope that the evidence generated will help bring about the changes that are needed at the national level, especially in LMICs, to address the wide-ranging personal, societal, and economic impact of the global obesity epidemic. We will usea cost-of-illness approach to estimate the economic impacts of obesity in eight pilot countries, then produce estimates for a larger set of countries. 2004;53:3848. JAMA. Chuyao Jin. Get the latest news from World Obesity Federation. 2003;27:498504. Statistical analysis with missing data, vol. A new World Obesity Atlas report from the World Obesity Federation, published on World Obesity Day, predicts that 51% of the global population will be living with overweight or obesity by 2035 based on current trends. . To request an interview, contact our Media Relations team. Steiner AZ, Jukic AM. World Fertility Report 2013: fertility at the Extremes. Aust N Z J Public Health. Canberra (ACT): Commonwealth of Australia; 2001. 1 In 2020, an estimated 39 million children under the age of 5 years and 150 million children aged 5-19 years were overweight or obese. Registered charity number 1076981. Involuntary childlessness was not associated with being overweight (OR, 95% CI: 1.05, 0.821.33), and its association with obesity was attenuated after adjusting for PCOS in the final model (OR, 95% CI: 1.40, 0.991.98). Based on our literature review and consultations with an advisory group of experts, which we convened for this project, we have employed a cost-of-illness approach to estimate the economic impacts of obesity, including both direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective. PubMed Education concerning the risks of obesity is important, as is taking personal responsibility for ones health, fitness, and weight. Read more here. If immediate action is not taken, millions will suffer from an array of serious health disorders. SSM Popul Health. 10 Weight gain and lifestyle factors in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Mar 02, 23. These effects are compounded by lifestyles that require little or no physical activity. The economic impacts of obesity can be estimated as a proportion of total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Eur J . I n recent times, obesity, which is a chronic non-communicable disease with clinical and public health challenge, has emerged a critical global issue that requires a comprehensive, international intervention strategy. It also acknowledges the impact of climate change, COVID-19 restrictions, new pandemics, and chemical pollutants on overweight and obesity and warns that without ambitious and coordinated action to address systemic issues, obesity rates could rise still further. Quantifying the economic and social impact of obesity can help stakeholders understand the importance of addressing obesity through systemic solutions and provide a crucial tool to national and international advocates to push policy makers into action. 1999;23:1192201. Brown WJ, Hockey R, Dobson AJ. By 2002, . It is a result of high-level failures to provide the environmental, healthcare, food, and support systems that we all need to live happy, healthy lives. We do not yet have all the answers when it comes to the best way to tackle obesity. Abstract The increase in obesity worldwide will have an important impact on the global incidence of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, osteoarthritis, work disability, and sleep apnea. Abrams B, Heggeseth B, Rehkopf D, Davis E. Parity and body mass index in US women: a prospective 25-year study. Economic impact of adult obesity on health systems: a systematic review. WHO began sounding the alarm in the 1990s, spearheading a series of expert and technical consultations. -, Peters R, Ee N, Peters J, et al. To apply our expertise to obesity, we first conducted a literature review of published cost estimates to understand the breadth of existing methodologies and results. However, the study is also optimistic that reversing this trend is possible. Am J Epidemiol. Estimates of the economic impacts of obesity as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) range from 0.13% in Thailand (Pitayatienanan et al) to 9.3% in the USA (Milken Institute, 2018) with most estimates for high-income countries. Mitigating Risk. Google Scholar. Poverty grown up: how childhood socioeconomic status impacts . Lewis CE, Jacobs DR Jr., McCreath H, Kiefe CI, Schreiner PJ, Smith DE, et al. Gaining a child: comparing the experiences of biological parents, adoptive parents, and stepparents. World Health Organization. Obesity is responsible for about 5% of deaths worldwide. 2023 by World Obesity Federation. Article Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Article With these facts top of mind, Walsh early on decided to devote her career to developing new environmental policies, adjusting . That means looking urgently at the systems and root factors that contribute to obesity, and actively involving young people in the solutions. In India and China, the prevalence of obesity in cities is 3-4 times the rate in rural areas. 2014. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/fertility/worldFertilityReport2013.pdf. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the obesity epidemic is not restricted to industrialized societies; in developing countries, it is estimated that over 115 million people suffer from obesity-related problems. It is particularly worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children and adolescents. Rachel Jackson-Leach, Director of Science at World Obesity Federation, said: "If we do not act now, we are on course to see significant increases in obesity prevalence over the next decade. Prevalence and predictors of weight maintenance in young women. Brown WJ, Burton NW, Marshall AL, Miller YD. The report emphasises the importance of developing comprehensive national action plans to prevent and treat obesity and support people affected by the disease. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2 Physiol Behav. Individuals with obesity and COVID19: a global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships. RTI and the RTI logo are U.S. registered trademarks of Research Triangle Institute. Economic Impact of Obesity. Alternatively, if prevalence remains at 2019 levels until 2060, this would result in average annual savings of 13%. Weight-management interventions for pregnant or postpartum women. According to CDP, cities are responsible for more than 70% of global carbon dioxide emissions, the primary driver of climate change, and China, the United States, and India are the worst offenders. This will be an important milestone as the first global and country-specific estimate of the economic impact of obesity and will serve as a crucial tool for local, national, and international advocacy efforts. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obes Res. Thank you for feeding back to World Obesity. Associations of weight gain from early to middle adulthood with major health outcomes later in life. The total economic impact of obesity is about $2 trillion a year, or 2.8% of world GDProughly equivalent to the economic damage caused by smoking or armed violence, war, and terrorism, according to new research by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI). As of 2000, the number of obese adults has increased to over 300 million. A total of 4092 women aged 1823 years were followed from 1996 to 2018. Global economic impact of overweight and obesity in 2020 and forecasts to 2035 (in trillion U.S. dollars) Basic Statistic Economic impact of high BMI worldwide in 2020 and forecasts to 2035, by region All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. Obesity. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. All authors were involved in interpreting the data and critically reviewing the manuscript drafts. By 2060 this is estimated to rise to > 2% of GDP in the African Region countries, > 4% in the Americas, and > 5% in Middle Eastern Countries. During the event, World Obesity Federation and partners will lead calls for a robust international response. Overweight and obesity have emerged behind only old age as the leading predictor of poorer COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalization, admission to intensive care, mechanical ventilation, and death. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Continued failure to improve prevention and treatment could contribute to a total economic impact of US$4.32 trillion by 2035 nearly 3% of global GDP. The ROOTS framework for actions involves Recognising the root causes, monitoring Obesity data, investing in Obesity prevention, ensuring access to Treatments, and adopting a Systems-based approach. However, much of what is known about the economic impacts of obesity comes from high-income countries and studies are not readily comparable due to methodological differences. A company limited by guarantee. While just under 1% of children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 1975 . What would a Marshall Plan for Ukraine look like? The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age and women who were voluntarily or involuntarily childless had higher prevalence of obesity than mothers in all surveys. If current trends continue, by 2060, the economic impacts from OAO are projected to rise to 3.29% of GDP globally. The World Obesity Atlas 2023, published by World Obesity Federation, predicts that the global economic impact of overweight and obesity will reach $4.32 trillion annually by 2035 if prevention and treatment measures do not improve.At almost 3% of global GDP, this is comparable with the impact of COVID-19 in 2020. If you would like to know more about how RTI uses cookies and how to manage them please view our Privacy Policy here. As stated previously, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, not only in the United States but also globally. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Image: Statista The US is set to spend more per person treating obesity than any other OECD country. These results will be reported academically and on the World Obesity Observatory, which will include an interactive map of results and which can be updated as new data become available. Aware that obesity is predominantly a social and environmental disease, WHO is helping to develop strategies that will make healthy choices easier to make. Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To develop a modeling framework of obesity's direct and indirect costs to society in low- and middle-income countries. Indeed, the evidence suggests that developing countries are especially vulnerable to the epidemic. After adjusting for covariates, compared with mothers, women who were voluntarily childless had higher odds of being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29, 1.091.52) and obese (OR, 95% CI: 1.65, 1.292.12). This is the equivalent of 0.8%, 2.1%, 2.4% and 1.7% of GDP. Awoke MA, Earnest A, Joham AE, Hodge AM, Teede HJ, Brown WJ, et al. 2010;31:15460. Lee C, Dobson AJ, Brown WJ, Bryson L, Byles J, Warner-Smith P, et al. 2017;3:55865. Robinson WR, Cheng MM, Hoggatt KJ, Sturmer T, Siega-Riz AM. Obesity is a complex condition, one with serious social and psychological dimensions, that affects virtually all age and socioeconomic groups and threatens to overwhelm both developed and developing countries. CAS Obesity is labeled as a national epidemic, and obesity affects one in three adults and one in six children in the United States of America. Housing prices have fallen the most in these countries, Hites Ahir, Prakash Loungani and Karan Bhasin, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. We simply cannot afford to ignore the rising rates of obesity any longer. More than 60% of the worlds obese people live in developing countries, where rapid industrialization and urbanization are boosting incomes and therefore calorie intake. Int J Prev Med. In addition, the report provides eye-opening new insights into the economic impacts of overweight and obesity, which are predicted to reduce the global economy by over US$4 trillion a year by 2035. These diseases take an economic toll, as well, costing our health care system $216 billion per year and causing $147 billion in lost productivity on the job. PubMed This crisis is not just a pressing health concern; it is also a threat to the global economy. Given that no single country has been successful in reducing the prevalence of obesity, urgent action is needed to highlight the increasing cost of this global epidemic. Registered in England and Wales, 3802726. By 2060 this is estimated to rise to > 2% of GDP in the African Region countries, > 4% in the Americas, and > 5% in Middle Eastern Countries. We have a simple message for governments; inaction on obesity, lack of ambition and disjointed thinking in public health responses are hurting those who need it most, and the impact can be seen across society, said Johanna Ralston, CEO of the World Obesity Federation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. . Research has shown repeatedly that being overweight or obese increases one's risk of heart disease and stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes and certain cancers. Physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle and obesity in the European Union. Find out more about sponsorship and engagement opportunities. (2023, June 27). Key facts - obesity and overweight. Australian Government Department of Health: National obesity strategy 20222032: enabling Australians to eat well and be active. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 5-19 has risen dramatically from just 4% in 1975 to just over 18% in 2016. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Overweight and obesity in women: health risks and consequences. For both, obesity poses a major risk for serious diet-related noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and certain forms of cancer. Identifying the energy gap: magnitude and determinants of 5year weight gain in midage women. 3. 2 These numbers are estimated to reach 40 and 254 million . The two organizations warn that the new evidence should not be used to scapegoat or further stigmatize people living with obesity, but instead be a catalyst for change with recommendations including a UN resolution on obesity and the delivery of joined up national policies which recognize and address the underlying root causes of obesity. -, Ralston J, Brinsden H, Buse K, et al. The launch of the Atlas report will be marked with a high-level policy event: Changing perspectives and advancing national action on Monday 6 March 2023, 13:00 CET (12:00 GMT). Hum Reprod. 2013;30:15170. People living with obesity are the ones who will acutely feel and experience cost and impact every day, from direct medical expenses to the cost of delayed care associated with lack of health systems support, through to the broader social and societal consequences, said Ralston. This study - co-authored with our partners at RTI International - highlights how inaction on obesity has an impact across society. Data on global trends in the prevalence of obesity (BMI 30 kg/m 2) in men and women in 1980, 2008 and 2016 from select regions of the world show an increase in obesity across the world. Estimates of future direct (medical) and indirect (nonmedical) costs related to obesity suggest rising expenditures that will impose a significant economic burden to individuals and society as a whole.
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