gender pay gap eurostat pdf

padding-left: 0px!important; At the other end of the scale, Romania and Bulgaria recorded a gender hours gap that was only 1%. display: inline-block; Please do not include any personal information, Quality: ESS standards, guidelines, monitoring, Gender Pay Gaps in the European Union a statistical analysis, Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS), Publications Office of the European Union. } Download in XLS, PDF & PNG . } $(".openedefault").parent().click(); 2, Summaries of EU Legislation: Statistics on earnings and labour costs, European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Gender_pay_gap_statistics&oldid=603165. Statistics Explained Data from November 2021 (part "Possible causes of the unadjusted gender pay gap") and March 2023 (rest of thearticle).Planned article update: 8 March 2024. $len1 = $('.block-local-tasks-block ul li a:contains("Edit")').length; A breakdown for the different sectors of the economy also reveals interesting patterns (Table2). border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; font-family: "Sosa"; In unadjusted form, it measures the differences between the average earnings of men versus women. Source dataset: sdg_05_20. display: block; In 1995, the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing adopted the Declaration and Platform for Action. . } $(".sidebar-first a.is-active").parents().addClass("show-menu"); 2021 data on the gender pay gap are available in the following article Gender pay gap statistics. $( ".cnt00" ).each(function( index ) { This is often due to a selection bias, especially when the employment rate is lower for women than for men: women engaging in the labour market may have comparatively higher skills and education levels than men. Thegender overall earnings gap, that measures the combined impact of the average hourly earnings, the monthly average of the number of hours paid (before any adjustment for part-time work) and the employment rate, stood at 36.7% in 2018. The unadjusted gender pay gap is defined as the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women expressed as a percentage of the average gross hourly earnings of men. .region-content-1-3-right h2{ border-bottom: 3px solid #025394!important; The gender pay gap in the EU stands at 12.7 % in 2021 and has only changed minimally over the last decade. Eurostat produces and disseminates a number of datasets that show how men and women compare in areas such as education, labour market, earnings, social inclusion and health in the EU. 2 section K) is higher than in the business economy as a whole (NACE Rev. %%EOF } Thank you for the information. margin-left: 0px; This gap represents the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women expressed as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of men. Download as PDF; Printable version Activists demonstrate for Equal Pay Day in Frankfurt. 2 section E) and twelve in the construction sector (NACE Rev. The gender wage gap is defined as the difference between median earnings of men and women relative to median earnings of men. else { NOTE: The designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In countries where the female employment rate is low, the pay gap tends to be lower than average. As in previous years, this was considerably higher than the EU27 average (13%). margin: auto!important; This might be due to the fact that, in most EU Member States, pay in the public sector is determined by transparent wage grids that apply equally to men and women. In the first part of the study, we present the data source, the methodology and statistical software used by Eurostat to decompose the unadjusted gender pay gap as well as the results of this decomposition. Unadjusted annual gender pay gap in the Nordic countries from 2010 to 2020, by country [Graph], Eurostat, & Nordic Statistics database, February 25, 2022. endstream endobj It is defined as the proportion of men aged 30-34 that have attained tertiary education minus that of women. The Institute supports EU Presidencies in developing the Beijing indicators. The document also argues that the causes and consequences of the gender pension gap need to be addressed, as they are an obstacle to the economic independence of women in old age, when they face a higher risk of poverty than men do. In 2021, the gender gap in life expectancy at birth was -5.6 in the EU, meaning that life expectancy at birth was 5.6 years higher for women than for men. 10117 Berlin, It is currently laid down in Article 157 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. For the economy as a whole, in 2018, women's gross hourly earnings were on average 14.4% below those of men in the EU. if ($('#block-unroadsafetyfund').length){ font-size: 16px!important; 2315 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[2290 81]/Info 2289 0 R/Length 130/Prev 462186/Root 2291 0 R/Size 2371/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream .page-node-type-area-of-work-homepage .region-content-1-3-right,.page-node-type-area-of-work-homepage .region-content-2-3{height:auto!important} Among the 27 EU countries, Estonia (21%) and Austria (19%) had the highest gender pay gap. padding: 0rem; This indicator does not offer any information on the difference in earnings between female and male persons with equivalent qualifications employed in the same occupation and carrying out comparable tasks. However, this indicator measures a concept broader than mere discrimination in the sense of "equal pay for work of equal value". 2 section F). if ($('.sections').length > 0){ More transparency in pay would help uncover unjustified gender-based pay differences for equal work or work of equal value and help victims of pay discrimination to seek redress and enforce their equal pay right. .views-field-nothing .block-local-tasks-block1 ul { One way of measuring this imbalance is the unadjusted gender pay gap, which shows the difference between the average gross hourly earnings of men and women expressed as a percentage of the average gross hourly earnings of men. These areas are as follows: women and poverty, education and training of women, women and health, violence against women, women and armed conflict, women and the economy, women in power and decision-making, institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women, human rights of women, women and the media, women and the environment and the girl-child. Surprising facts Women are concentrated in lower-paid, lower-skill work. In 2021, that gap ranged from -1.6pp in Germany (the smallest gender gap in absolute value), -4.1pp in Austria, -5.9pp in Romania and -6.9pp in Ireland to -22.9pp in Lithuania, -23.2pp in Slovakia and -25.2pp in Slovenia (the largest gender gap in absolute value). padding-bottom: 0px; if($(".publthumb").length > 0) { $(".page-node-type-publication img.image_in_text").remove();} height: 45px; } gender gaps). In 2021, the gender pay gap, which measures the percentage difference in average gross hourly earnings between men and women, amounted to 18% in Germany. Q1. height:auto!important; At EU level, the European Commission prioritised "reducing the gender pay, earnings and pension gaps and thus fighting poverty among women" as one of the key areas in the framework of the A Union of Equality: Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025. }); The pay gap between women and men, that is, the unadjusted gender pay gap, remained unchanged compared with the previous year. $(this).parents('li.parent').find("ul").removeClass("show-menu"); [[File:Gender pay gap statistics 06-03-2023v2.xlsx]], Gender pay gap levels vary significantly across EU, Gender pay gap much lower for young employees, Highest gender pay gap in financial and insurance activities, Gender pay gap higher in the private sector, Possible causes of the unadjusted gender pay gap. Among the countries with the lowest gender gap in absolute terms (i.e. Pay gaps can also be analysed from the perspective of part-time or full-time employment (Figure2). color: #404041!important; Following the 1995 conference in Beijing, the European Council requested an annual review of how EU Member States were implementing the Beijing Platform for Action. Abstract - The gender pay gap is a simple indicator, which is widely used to monitor gender inequalities in earnings. background: #bd4817; $(this).next().removeClass("show-menu"); float: right; content:"N"; For the Netherlands, the gender hours gap stands out at 27%, meaning that female employees are paid on average for 27% fewer hours per month than men. For the economy as a whole[1], in 2021, women's gross hourly earnings were on average 12.7% below those of men in the European Union (EU) and 13.6% in the euro area. Life expectancy at birth is one of the most frequently used indicators to measure the health status of a population. .facetedsearch header p{margin-bottom: 0px!important;} padding: 0 0 0.25em 1em!important; At EU level, the gender pay gap, the gender employment gap and the gender hour's gap contributed 36.7%, 29.3% and 34.0%, respectively, to the gender overall earnings gap. $('.typo3content').html("