Continental climates experience extreme seasonal changes.The range of weather in continental climate regions makes them among the most spectacular sites for weather phenomena. As a predator, the scorpion also absorbs water from the flesh of its prey.Saharan plants survive thanks to root systems that plunge as far as 24 meters (80 feet) underground. Biol. Exp. Lancet 389, 815822 (2017). Clin. Steuber, T. et al. Erbersdobler, A., Augustin, H., Schlomm, T. & Henke, R.-P. Prostate cancers in the transition zone: part 1; pathological aspects. Epstein, J. I., Allsbrook, W. C., Amin, M. B., Egevad, L. L. & Bjartell, A. People have adapted to life on the tundra for thousands of years.Ice CapFew organisms survive in the ice cap climates of the Arctic and Antarctic. Rao, V. et al. 11, 308323 (2014). Pathol. ClimographA climograph depicts the highs and lows of temperature and precipitation over a set period of time. Stem Cell Rep. 6, 660667 (2016). 6, 308309 (2017). Biological and clinical implications. Exp. Partin, A. W. et al. The region is home to some of Africa's greatest ancient . J. Physiol. Pathol. Mol. A. Tumour grade, proliferation, apoptosis, microvessel density, p53, and bcl-2 in prostate cancers: differences between tumours located in the transition zone and in the peripheral zone. Urol. The peripheral zone of the prostate is more prone to tumor development than the transitional zone: is the ETS family the key? 2, 111 (2019). PubMed Google Scholar. & Shaw, A. T. Tumour heterogeneity and resistance to cancer therapies. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. Wildflowers dot the landscape, and flocks of migratory birds feed on insects and fish. BJU Int. Oncol. Monsoons usually flow from sea to land in the summer, and from land to sea in the winter.Summer monsoons bring large amounts of rainfall to tropical monsoon regions. You cannot download interactives. NASA: What are climate and climate change? Urol. Moncada, R. et al. Epstein, J. I. et al. J. Roentgenol. Pathol. J. Urol. Prostate cancers of different zonal origin: clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy. Postoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. 199, 683690 (2018). 22, 232240 (1972). Yang, Y. Wnt signaling in development and disease. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. 5 year biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Biophys. Multifocal primary prostate cancer exhibits high degree of genomic heterogeneity. Fish include the 45-kilogram (100-pound) Nile perch and the 2.5-centimeter (one-inch) cichlid. Nat. Cell Stem Cell 28, 12621274.e5 (2021). Detection of individual prostate cancer foci via multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. In the southern Libyan Desert, for instance, no greenery exists for more than 195 kilometers (120 miles).SahelThe Sahel is a narrow band of semi-arid land that forms a transition zone between the Sahara to the north and the savannas to the south. Unusually arid climates in a semiarid region may prolong droughts, for instance. In fact, Antarctica, covered by an ice cap 1.6-kilometers (one-mile) thick, is one of the largest, driest deserts on Earth.High Elevation ClimatesMany geographers and climatologists have modified the Kppen classification system over the years, including geographer Glen Trewartha, who added a category for high-elevation climates.There are two high elevation climate types: upland and highland. BMC Urol. The impact of prostate cancer zonal origin on pathological parameters at radical prostatectomy and subsequent biochemical failure. Association of prostate cancer risk variants with gene expression in normal and tumor tissue. Lowsley, O. S. The development of the human prostate gland with reference to the development of other structures at the neck of the urinary bladder. Ki-67 staining is a strong predictor of distant metastasis and mortality for men with prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy plus androgen deprivation: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 9202. BJUI Compass 2, 169177 (2021). Feneley, M. R. et al. Fatty acid synthase is a primary target of MiR-15a and MiR-16-1 in breast cancer. Weinreb, J. C. et al. Figure 6.1 synthetizes the main features of population transitions and the environmental waves, using as temporal landmarks the four stages of the demographic transition. Population Prospects 2000 to 2050 9. The human prostate is divided into three zones based on its histological features: the peripheral zone (PZ), the transition zone (TZ) and the central zone (CZ). Lipids 1831, 15181532 (2013). Zonal origin of localized prostate cancer does not affect the rate of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Toivanen, R. & Shen, M. M. Prostate organogenesis: tissue induction, hormonal regulation and cell type specification. Oncotarget 7, 7856678576 (2016). Clin. Oncol. 186, 18181824 (2011). Eur. 199, 683690 (2018). BJU Int. Mesothermal climates include the Mediterranean Basin, most of coastal Australia, and the Pampas region of South America.Megathermal climates are hot and humid. During especially rainy years, regions may experience flooding. Bott, S. R. J. et al. Chang, T.-H. et al. Pathol. Open Access CAS Guo, C. C., Zuo, G., Cao, D., Troncoso, P. & Czerniak, B. A microthermal climate may include the temperate climate of Boston, Massachusetts; the coniferous forests of southern Scandinavia; and the boreal ecosystem of northern Siberia.Mesothermal regions have moderate climates. Cheng, L. et al. Int. Primary prostatic central zone adenocarcinoma. Rosenkrantz, A. The future looks similarly dire. Urology 36, 293299 (1990). & Pinto, P. A. According to some estimates it is postulated that about 51 million are white who account for 85% of the total French population, six million people are of North African descent accounting for 10% of the total population, two million are black who account for 3.3% of the population, and about one million or 1.7% of the population are of Asian . Zakian, K. L. et al. Science Data Publications Partners Landscapes of West Africa: A Window on a Changing World is an atlas and unique dataset that uses time-series satellite image data and field-based photography to tell the story of wide-ranging land change across 17 countries. An improved biological understanding of prostate zones and their roles in tumorigenesis could improve prostate cancer management in clinics. J. Surg. Tyekucheva, S. et al. Eur. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Finally, both the extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice has declined rapidly during the past several decades. J. Urol. J. Clin. Ecological patterns, distribution and population structure of Prionace glauca (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) in the tropical-subtropical transition zone of the north-eastern Pacific Rodolfo Vgler a , Emilio Beier b , Sofa Ortega-Garca a 1 , Heriberto Santana-Hernndez c , J. Javier Valdez-Flores c Add to Mendeley Urol. Prostate transitional zone volume-based nomogram for predicting prostate cancer and high progression prostate cancer in a real-world population. Rev. Greene, D. R., Egawa, S., Hellerstein, D. K. & Scardino, P. T. Sonographic measurements of transition zone of prostate in men with and without benign prostatic hyperplasia. Google Scholar. Yun, J. W. et al. 10, 324 (2018). 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Br. 8, 420 (2017). 163, 17511755 (2000). Pathol. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Wedge, D. C. et al. Radiol. Correlation with histologic pattern and direction of spread. Our MapMaker Interactive layer on climate zones is based on the Kppen climate classification system. They are not cold enough to sustain a layer of winter snow, but are also not remain warm enough to support flowering plants (and, thus, evapotranspiration) all year. Ahmed, H. U. et al. Anterior-predominant prostatic tumors: zone of origin and pathologic outcomes at radical prostatectomy. ), the black colobus monkey (Colobus satanas), and the okapi (Okapi johnstoni), a donkey-like relative of the giraffe.The driver ant (Dorylus sp.) J. Urol. Whole mount histopathological correlation with prostate MRI in Grade I and II prostatectomy patients. Pathol. BMC Genomics 14, 690 (2013). This ocean conveyor belt has an enormous influence on marine ecosystems and biodiversity.Topography, Topography and vegetation influence climate by helping determine how the Suns energy is used on Earth. Molecular evidence supporting the precursor nature of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the prostate. 22, 21332140 (2004). Urology 68, 10371041 (2006). Nat Rev Urol 19, 101115 (2022). Sanda, M. G. et al. Liu, Y., Liu, L., Jia, Y., Sun, Y. A climate system has five major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface, and the biosphere.The atmosphere is the most variable part of the climate system. 180, 295299 (1996). Oncol. Molecular differences in transition zone and peripheral zone prostate tumors. Cancer 106, 16971701 (2012). the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Islamic and Christianity can play a role in whether or not to do something What cultural conflicts affect life in transition zone? San Franciscos winters are not much cooler than its summers, while Beijing is hot in summer and cold in winter. 2. c. Emigration is the act of leaving . As the African continent separated from the Arabian Peninsula, large, deep cracks formed in Earth's surface. eLife 9, e59465 (2020). While the number of people worldwide continues to increase, people's areas are constantly shifting. 20, 68976906 (2013). Biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy: a comparison between prostate cancers located in different anatomical zones. Meng, M. V., Franks, J. H., Presti, J. C. & Shinohara, K. The utility of apical anterior horn biopsies in prostate cancer detection. Most geographers apply the term exclusively to the northern latitudes of North America, Europe, and Asia. They plant certain crops according to the expected amount of rainfall and the length of the growing season. Hoeks, C. M. A. et al. Int. In large urban areas, for example, streets and buildings absorb heat from the Sun, raising the average temperature of the city higher than average temperatures of more open areas nearby. and R.G.B. Clin. Urol. Bose, R. et al. 78, 59705979 (2018). Perera, M., Lawrentschuk, N., Perera, N., Bolton, D. & Clouston, D. Incidental prostate cancer in transurethral resection of prostate specimens in men aged up to 65 years. Cancer 114, 10781083 (2016). Vargas, H. A. et al. Cancer 15, 701711 (2015). Describe the process of urbanization in Canada; Understand the function of suburbs, exurbs, and concentric zones Open Access Med. Abdom. Radiol. 203, 10851093 (2020). If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Oncol. Bush babies, which have enormous eyes for hunting at night, feed primarily on insects, fruit, and leaves.These more vegetated areas are located on a narrow strip just inland from the coastal sands. 12, 897906 (1988). Am. Demographic Transition 3. 12, 4348 (2019). Wu, Y.-T. & Chiang, P. H. Cohort study of high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of localised prostate cancer treatment: medium-term results from a single centre. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. B., Verma, S. & Turkbey, B. Prostate cancer: top places where tumors hide on multiparametric MRI. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 22, 6 (2020). Eur. Tay, K. J. Focal therapy for prostate cancer ready to be a standard of care? Chun, F. K.-H. K. H. et al. He, W. et al. B. et al. J. Urol. Mod. Barclay, W. W., Woodruff, R. D., Hall, M. C. & Cramer, S. D. A system for studying epithelial-stromal interactions reveals distinct inductive abilities of stromal cells from benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. However, invasive species like the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) have begun to take over entire shorelines, endangering animals and plants.Southern AfricaThe region of southern Africa is dominated by the Kaapvaal craton, a shelf of bedrock that is more than 2.6 billion years old. Chu, M. et al. 1863, 12381260 (2016). Pathol. Shiga, K. et al. As a result, the regions climate is warm and rainy.MicroclimatesOf course, no climate is uniform. Cancer Research UK https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/prostate-cancer (2021). The molecular taxonomy of primary prostate cancer. They are often located between arid and tropical climate regions.Arid and semiarid climates can occur where the movement of warm, moist air is blocked by mountains. Gleason, D. F. Classification of prostatic carcinomas. 143, 11571166 (2017). Wang, Z. J. Urol. Defining Africa's northern bulge, the Sahara makes up 25 percent of the continent.The Sahara has a number of distinct physical features, including ergs, regs, hamadas, and oases. One Earth: Angolan Scarp Savanna and Woodlands. Pathol. J. Urol. The temperature in the arid Death Valley National Park, California, U.S., reached 56.7 Celsius (134 Fahrenheit) on July 10, 1913the highest temperature ever recorded.Although rainfall is limited in all dry climates, there are a few parts of the world where it never rains. NIH. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Sci. Biol. The Senegal gerbil (Taterillus pygargus), the most common mammal in the Sahel and measuring only a few centimeters, consumes as much as 10 percent of the Sahel's plants.The Sahel's green vegetation emerges only during the rainy season, when it is often quickly harvested by farmers or consumed by animals. Kppen observed that the type of vegetation in a region depended largely on climate. Multiparametric 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging to detect cancer: histopathological correlation using prostatectomy specimens processed in customized magnetic resonance imaging based molds. International Cancer Genome Consortium Data Portal a one-stop shop for cancer genomics data. 23, 258266 (1992). Prostate 55, 4854 (2003). These waves are contingent on the contextual and structural conditions of the time and are affected by population dynamics (mortality, fertility, and migration). Cancer 51, 579589 (2012). High-risk prostate cancer classification and therapy. Watson, P. A., Arora, V. K. & Sawyers, C. L. Emerging mechanisms of resistance to androgen receptor inhibitors in prostate cancer. 1, 4 (2006). Acta Mol. 21 June 2023, Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
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