how old was kafka when he died

This is due to the construction of subordinate clauses in German, which require that the verb be at the end of the sentence. When Mr. Brod fled to Tel Aviv from Prague on the last train out in 1939 as the Nazis rolled in, he had with him a suitcase full of Kafka's documents. He had several girlfriends and lovers across his life. The writer Milan Kundera suggests that Kafka's surrealist humour may have been an inversion of Dostoyevsky's presentation of characters who are punished for a crime. [4] It typically features isolated protagonists facing bizarre or surrealistic predicaments and incomprehensible socio-bureaucratic powers. More importantly, however . Born into a middle-class Jewish family, he earned a doctorate and then worked successfully but unhappily at a government insurance office from 1907 until he was forced by a case of . Those performances also served as a starting point for his growing relationship with Judaism. Author Franz Kafka grew up in an upper middle-class Jewish family. The Kafka tombstone was designed by architect Leopold Ehrmann.[135]. On November 1, 1907, he was hired at the Assicurazioni Generali, an aggressive Italian insurance company, where he worked for nearly a year. [228], Kafka often made extensive use of a characteristic particular to German, which permits long sentences that sometimes can span an entire page. Consequently, Kafka's childhood was somewhat lonely,[18] and the children were reared largely by a series of governesses and servants. Kafka was rapidly promoted and his duties included processing and investigating compensation claims, writing reports, and handling appeals from businessmen who thought their firms had been placed in too high a risk category, which cost them more in insurance premiums. It was discovered on 10 January 1983 by American astronomers Randolph Kirk and Donald Rudy at Palomar Observatory in California, United States,[282] and named after Kafka by them. Brod noted the similarity in names of the main character and his fictional fiance, Georg Bendemann and Frieda Brandenfeld, to Franz Kafka and Felice Bauer. [108], Before World WarI,[109] Kafka attended several meetings of the Klub mladch, a Czech anarchist, anti-militarist, and anti-clerical organization. These were confiscated by the Gestapo in 1933, but scholars continue to search for them. [185][186] Subsequently, Pasley headed a team (including Gerhard Neumann, Jost Schillemeit and Jrgen Born) which reconstructed the German novels; S. Fischer Verlag republished them. [191] She released or sold some, but left most to her daughters, Eva and Ruth, who also refused to release the papers. An illustrious example is Franz Kafka". "[113], During the communist era, the legacy of Kafka's work for Eastern Bloc socialism was hotly debated. [151][152] Another example of this can be found in the final sentence of "Das Urteil" ("The Judgement"), with Kafka's use of the German noun Verkehr. It was dark. [123][124][125] In the opinion of literary critic Harold Bloom, although Kafka was uneasy with his Jewish heritage, he was the quintessential Jewish writer. Dora returned to Germany, where she . [178] Kafka's last lover, Dora Diamant (later, Dymant-Lask), also ignored his wishes, secretly keeping 20notebooks and 35letters. var sc_partition=3; Revision: 2021/01/09 - 23:40 - Mauro Nervi. [140][141] In 2022, Yale University Press published Franz Kafka: The Drawings. The Romanian writer Mircea Crtrescu said "Kafka is the author I love the most and who means, for me, the gate to literature"; he also described Kafka as "the saint of literature". [278][279], However, with common usage, the term has become so ubiquitous that Kafka scholars note it is often misused. The Franz Kafka Museum calls its display of original photos and documents Msto K. Franz Kafka a Praha ("City K. Kafka and Prague") and aims to immerse the visitor into the world in which Kafka lived and about which he wrote. Tonspur Auf Der Suche Nach Dem Klang Des Lebens. Brod's sets are usually called the "Definitive Editions". [286] The selection committee and recipients come from all over the world, but are limited to living authors who have had at least one work published in Czech. On 13 August 1912, Kafka met Felice Bauer, a relative of Brod's, who worked in Berlin as a representative of a dictaphone company. In 1920, Kafka began an intense relationship with Milena Jesensk, a Czech journalist and writer. [27] Although Kafka received compliments for his Czech, he never considered himself fluent in the language, though he spoke German with a Czech accent. His Jewish education was limited to his Bar Mitzvah celebration at 13 and going to the synagogue four times a year with his father. He attempted to counteract all of this by a regimen of naturopathic treatments, such as a vegetarian diet. !, Dan Miron explores Kafka's connection to Zionism: "It seems that those who claim that there was such a connection and that Zionism played a central role in his life and literary work, and those who deny the connection altogether or dismiss its importance, are both wrong. Franz Kafka[a] (3 July 1883 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer based in Prague, who is widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. Kafka grew up in Prague as a German-speaking Jew. His writings feature eerie situations, disconnected characters, labyrinthine story lines. [37] Kafka considered Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Gustav Flaubert, Nikolai Gogol, Franz Grillparzer,[38] and Heinrich von Kleist to be his "true blood brothers". In 1923, he briefly moved to Berlin in the hope of distancing himself from his family's influence to concentrate on his writing. [54] Kafka usually got off work at 2 p.m., so that he had time to spend on his literary work, to which he was committed. From 1889 to 1893, he attended the Deutsche Knabenschule, the boys' elementary school at the Fleischmarkt (meat market), the street now known as Masn Street in Prague. The job involved investigating and assessing compensation for personal injury to industrial workers; accidents such as lost fingers or limbs were commonplace, owing to poor work safety policies at the time. [6][251][275][276], Numerous films and television works have been described as Kafkaesque, and the style is particularly prominent in dystopian science fiction. He died in obscurity in 1924 at the age of 40 from tuberculosis. It is only now, when I'm 42a year older than Kafka was when he died (in a happy relationship at last, with a woman half his age)that I am able to see any of these relationships, his or mine, with anything resembling clarity. [246] Harold Bloom said "when he is most himself, Kafka gives us a continuous inventiveness and originality that rivals Dante and truly challenges Proust and Joyce as that of the dominant Western author of our century". [283], Apache Kafka, an open-source stream processing platform originally released in January 2011, is named after Kafka. [63] In addition, he had close relationships with several women during his lifetime. Franz Kafka: Franz Kafka was born in Bohemia, now known as the Czech Republic, in 1883. [127] Pavel Eisner, one of Kafka's first translators, interprets Der Process (The Trial) as the embodiment of the "triple dimension of Jewish existence in Prague his protagonist Josef K. is (symbolically) arrested by a German (Rabensteiner), a Czech (Kullich), and a Jew (Kaminer). Father was Hermann Kafka, who worked as a traveling salesman and later owned his own company. [78][79] Stach points out that there is a great deal of contradictory evidence around the claim that Kafka was the father. George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 - October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in film, radio, and theatre. He went to Hugo Hoffmann's sanatorium in Kierling just outside Vienna for treatment on 10 April,[82] and died there on 3 June 1924. He died in 1924, before completing any of More about Franz Kafka. He burned an estimated 90 per cent of his total work due to his persistent struggles with self-doubt. A Story by Franz Kafka.") [5] After elementary school, he was admitted to the rigorous classics-oriented state gymnasium, Altstdter Deutsches Gymnasium, an academic secondary school with eight grade levels, where German was also the language of instruction, at Staromstsk nmst, within the Kinsky Palace in the Old Town. Much of the post-Kafka fiction, especially science fiction, follow the themes and precepts of Kafka's universe. )[120][121], In his adolescent years, Kafka declared himself an atheist. About Franz Kafka. What little was published during his lifetime attracted scant public attention. [192][193] A ruling by a Tel Aviv family court in 2010 held that the papers must be released and a few were, including a previously unknown story, but the legal battle continued. Franz Kafka, (born July 3, 1883, Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now in Czech Republic]died June 3, 1924, Kierling, near Vienna, Austria), German-language writer of visionary fiction whose worksespecially the novel Der Prozess (1925; The Trial) and the story Die Verwandlung (1915; The Metamorphosis )express the anxieties and alienation felt. [88] According to Brod, he was a passionate reciter, able to phrase his speech as though it were music. In 1931, Brod edited a collection of prose and unpublished stories as Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer (The Great Wall of China), including the story of the same name. "[104], Though Kafka never married, he held marriage and children in high esteem. Kurt Wolff published two other novels, Das Schloss in 1926 and Amerika in 1927. Franz Kafka is Dead He died in a tree from which he wouldn't come down. They point out that reading the Kafka work while focusing on the futility of his characters' struggles reveals Kafka's play of humour; he is not necessarily commenting on his own problems, but rather pointing out how people tend to invent problems. . [238] Shimon Sandbank, a professor, literary critic, and writer, identifies Kafka as having influenced Jorge Luis Borges, Albert Camus, Eugne Ionesco, J. M. Coetzee and Jean-Paul Sartre. Kundera believes that Kafka's inspirations for his characteristic situations came both from growing up in a patriarchal family and living in a totalitarian state.[209]. have been considered old-fashioned and not definitive for . Kafka. It is generally agreed that Kafka suffered from clinical depression and social anxiety throughout his entire life. It is ironic that Kafka's greatest creative period, from 1912 to 1917, exactly matched his torturous . has died at the age of 82. Notes and Questions on Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" / "The Transformation", "Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Art of Fiction No. [128] His contemporaries included numerous Jewish, Czech, and German writers who were sensitive to Jewish, Czech, and German culture. Franz Kafka's father had this kind of business. His family were German-speaking middle-class Ashkenazi Jews. [225] Published in 1961 by Schocken Books, Parables and Paradoxes presented in a bilingual edition by Nahum N. Glatzer selected writings,[226] drawn from notebooks, diaries, letters, short fictional works and the novel Der Process. Films from other genres which have been similarly described include Roman Polanski's The Tenant (1976) and the Coen brothers' Barton Fink (1991). So wie es hier schon gedruckt ist, fr meinen liebsten MaxFranz K. Records of the university lists June as Kafka's graduation month, as well was some secondary sources (Murray), while Brod lists July, possibly having mistaken the date with the one of an earlier exam three years earlier, 18 July 1903. Attempts have been made to identify the influence of Kafka's legal background and the role of law in his fiction. Kafka was a prolific writer, spending most of his free time writing, often late in the night. [132][133] Kafka was editing "A Hunger Artist" on his deathbed, a story whose composition he had begun before his throat closed to the point that he could not take any nourishment. ", and added in the personal copy given to his friend "So wie es hier schon gedruckt ist, fr meinen liebsten MaxFranz K." ("As it is already printed here, for my dearest Max"). This was the first hard aspect he experienced. Looked very domestic in her dress although, as it turned out, she by no means was. Kafka's mother, Julie (18561934), was the daughter of Jakob Lwy, a prosperous brewer in Podbrady, and was better educated than her husband. [90] On weekends, he and his friends embarked on long hikes, often planned by Kafka himself. This offered a range of career possibilities, which pleased his father, and required a longer course of study that gave Kafka time to take classes in German studies and art history. [134] His body was brought back to Prague where he was buried on 11 June 1924, in the New Jewish Cemetery in Prague-ikov. [1] [166] A fragment of the story "Die Aeroplane in Brescia" ("The Aeroplanes at Brescia"), written on a trip to Italy with Brod, appeared in the daily Bohemia on 28 September 1909. He kept diaries and Oktavhefte (octavo). Kafka's intent was that the castle's authorities notify K. on his deathbed that his "legal claim to live in the village was not valid, yet, taking certain auxiliary circumstances into account, he was to be permitted to live and work there". [144] The protagonist is the Landvermesser (land surveyor) named K., who struggles for unknown reasons to gain access to the mysterious authorities of a castle who govern the village. Dry goods. It has been said that this was the only period in Kafka's life in which he achieved happiness. Hermann was the fourth child of Jacob Kafka, a butcher, and came to Prague from Osek, a Jewish village near Psek in southern Bohemia. [115] Whether or not Kafka was a political writer is still an issue of debate.[116]. Franz Kafka was born in Prague in 1883 into an assimilated German-speaking middleclass Jewish family. Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountainpublished in 1924, the year Kafka died-portrays the heightened sexual activity of feverish tubercular patients in a Swiss sanatorium, eager to seize a moment of pleasure before their inevitable deaths. On 15 July 1908, he resigned. "[163], According to his diary, Kafka was already planning his novel Das Schloss (The Castle), by 11 June 1914; however, he did not begin writing it until 27 January 1922. Valli was deported to the d Ghetto in occupied Poland in 1942, but that is the last documentation of her; it is assumed she did not survive the war. He did not complete the novel, although he finished the final chapter. Biographical data Other similar and famous people Bohemian writer from Prague (1883-1924) 54 Franz Werfel Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright and poet (1890-1945) * September 10th, 1890, Prague August 26th, 1945, Beverly Hills 50 Albrecht von Wallenstein For example, Kafka left Der Process with unnumbered and incomplete chapters and Das Schloss with incomplete sentences and ambiguous content;[182] Brod rearranged chapters, copy-edited the text, and changed the punctuation. [117] He was deeply fascinated by the Jews of Eastern Europe, who he thought possessed an intensity of spiritual life that was absent from Jews in the West. The protagonist, a hunger artist who experiences the decline in . [35] Kafka was an avid reader throughout his life;[36] together he and Brod read Plato's Protagoras in the original Greek, on Brod's initiative, and Flaubert's L'ducation sentimentale and La Tentation de St. Antoine (The Temptation of Saint Anthony) in French, at his own suggestion. It is not surprising that he died soon after writing the novel, as it shows he had given up on ever living a dignified life in his present environment. Dora Diamant stayed with Kafka until his death. Kind of schools Kafka attended. [102], Alessia Coralli and Antonio Perciaccante of San Giovanni di Dio Hospital have posited that Kafka may have had borderline personality disorder with co-occurring psychophysiological insomnia. 3 July, 1883 - 3, June, 1924 Early Life:Where was he born? Few of Kafka's works were published during his lifetime: the story collections Contemplation and A Country Doctor, and individual stories (such as his novella The Metamorphosis) were published in literary magazines but received little public attention. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. Why Kafka died. [196], The poet W. H. Auden called Kafka "the Dante of the twentieth century";[197] the novelist Vladimir Nabokov placed him among the greatest writers of the 20th century. The management professor Peter Drucker credits Kafka with developing the first civilian hard hat while employed at the Worker's Accident Insurance Institute, but this is not supported by any document from his employer. [184][185] The text for Der Process was later purchased through auction and is stored at the German Literary Archives in Marbach am Neckar, Germany. This article is more than 4 years old. His body was ultimately brought back to Prague where he was interred on June 11, 1924, in the New Jewish Cemetery in Prague-ikov. [51][52] His father often referred to his son's job as an insurance officer as a Brotberuf, literally "bread job", a job done only to pay the bills; Kafka often claimed to despise it. [32], At the end of his first year of studies, Kafka met Max Brod, a fellow law student who became a close friend for life. Over the years Mr. Ickovic published a number of books of his photography, notably "Kafka's Grave and Other Stories" (1986), which had an introduction by the playwright David Mamet. On July 15, 1908, he resigned, and two weeks later found more congenial employment with the Worker's Accident Insurance Institute for the Kingdom of Bohemia. [114] A further key point was Marx's theory of alienation. where he died. Critics regard the work as one of the seminal works of fiction of the 20th century. Among his papers after his death were found several notes addressed to his Blonde, somewhat straight, unattractive hair, strong chin. [166], Kafka's first published book, Betrachtung (Contemplation, or Meditation), was a collection of 18stories written between 1904 and 1912. "Kafka" redirects here. [171] Kafka dedicated it to Brod, "Fr M.B. They argue Kafka's work is more deliberate and subversiveand more joyfulthan may first appear. Characters in a Kafkaesque setting often lack a clear course of action to escape a labyrinthine situation. Kafka had no intention of labeling Gregor, the protagonist of the story, as any specific thing but instead wanted to convey Gregor's disgust at his transformation. [204] Others, such as Thomas Mann, see Kafka's work as allegorical: a quest, metaphysical in nature, for God. [70][73] Although the two rented a flat and set a wedding date, the marriage never took place. ", "What is the relation between Kafka, the writer, and Apache Kafka, the distributed messaging system? . 1905 - Faculty of Law of the German University in Prague, Books of examination protocols of State Examination Commissions, inventory No. Here, he took up with his secretary, and when he died in 1968, he bequeathed to her the remaining Kafka papers, as well as his own from a rich cultural career. [247] Sandbank argues that despite Kafka's pervasiveness, his enigmatic style has yet to be emulated. It has been interpreted as exploring themes of alienation, existential anxiety, guilt, and absurdity. After working as a travelling sales representative, he eventually became a fashion retailer who employed up to 15 people and used the image of a jackdaw (kavka in Czech, pronounced and colloquially written as kafka) as his business logo. The synthesis of Zionism and socialism did not yet exist. During the years 1920 to 1922, Kafka's health was badly threatened, and he was forced to take sick leave. [59] It was at about this time that Kafka became a vegetarian. [174], Kafka left his work, both published and unpublished, to his friend and literary executor Max Brod with explicit instructions that it should be destroyed on Kafka's death; Kafka wrote: "Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters (my own and others'), sketches, and so on, [is] to be burned unread. . Early Life: Who was Franz Kafka's father? In Kafka's work, a character is punished although a crime has not been committed. Brod says that Bloch gave birth to Kafka's son, although Kafka never knew about the child. [169] The story "Vor dem Gesetz" ("Before the Law") was published in the 1915 New Year's edition of the independent Jewish weekly Selbstwehr; it was reprinted in 1919 as part of the story collection Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor) and became part of the novel Der Process. According to Rothkirchen, "This situation lent their writings a broad cosmopolitan outlook and a quality of exaltation bordering on transcendental metaphysical contemplation. Kafka and Felice Bauer communicated mostly through letters over the next five years, met occasionally, and were engaged twice. [187] Pasley was the editor for Das Schloss, published in 1982, and Der Process (The Trial), published in 1990. However, he did not show any signs of indifference towards his job, as the several promotions that he received during his career prove that he was a hard working employee. [171] Another story collection, Ein Landarzt (A Country Doctor), was published by Kurt Wolff in 1919,[171] dedicated to Kafka's father. Education From 1889 to 1893, Franz attended the Deutsche Knabenschule, the boys elementary school in Prague. [146][147] Kafka later described writing it as "a complete opening of body and soul",[148] a story that "evolved as a true birth, covered with filth and slime". [239] Neil Christian Pages, a professor of German Studies and Comparative Literature at Binghamton University who specialises in Kafka's works, says Kafka's influence transcends literature and literary scholarship; it impacts visual arts, music, and popular culture. [107] Kafka considered suicide at least once, in late 1912. A major component of the museum is an exhibit, The City of K. Franz Kafka and Prague, which was first shown in Barcelona in 1999, moved to the Jewish Museum in New York City, and finally established in Prague in Mal Strana (Lesser Town), along the Moldau, in 2005. Kafka finished none of his full-length novels and burned around 90 percent of his work,[136][137] much of it during the period he lived in Berlin with Diamant, who helped him burn the drafts. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. Two weeks later, he found employment more amenable to writing when he joined the Worker's Accident Insurance Institute for the Kingdom of Bohemia. Admitted to the Charles University of Prague, Kafka first studied chemistry, but switched after two weeks to law. [221] A 1941 edition, including a homage by Thomas Mann, spurred a surge in Kafka's popularity in the United States during the late 1940s. He was born . [105] He may have suffered from an eating disorder. Despite his fear of being perceived as both physically and mentally repulsive, he impressed others with his boyish, neat, and austere good looks, a quiet and cool demeanor, obvious intelligence and dry sense of humor. These translations are generally accepted to have a number of biases and are considered to be dated in interpretation. I was not at all curious about who she was, but rather took her for granted at once. For the Breaking Bad episode, see, Lese- und Redehalle der Deutschen Studenten. Published Mar 9, 2021 Updated May 25, 2021 Image Via Culture Club/Getty Images Advertisment: Claim: In the early 1920s, Franz Kafka consoled a little girl he met in the park by writing dozens. [19][200] Other prominent themes and archetypes include alienation, physical and psychological brutality, characters on a terrifying quest, and mystical transformation. For other uses, see, "Kafkaesque" redirects here. The boy, whose name is not known, was born in 1914 or 1915 and died in Munich in 1921. During that period, he also found interest and entertainment in the performances of Yiddish theatre, despite the misgivings of even close friends such as Max Brod, who usually supported him in everything else. Kafka had two brothers who died. [53] He would compile and compose the annual report on the insurance institute for the several years he worked there. Over the next five years they corresponded a great deal, met occasionally, and twice were engaged to be married. [284], The Franz Kafka Museum in Prague is dedicated to Kafka and his work. Und tausendmal lieber zerreien, als in mir sie zurckhalten oder begraben. [101], Man cannot live without a permanent trust in something indestructible within himself, though both that indestructible something and his own trust in it may remain permanently concealed from him. [195] The Tel Aviv Family Court ruled in October 2012, six months after Ruth's death, that the papers were the property of the National Library. Kafka obtained the degree of Doctor of Law on June 18, 1906 and performed an obligatory year of unpaid service as law clerk for the civil and criminal courts. He had two younger brothers, Georg and Heinrich, who died at the ages of fifteen months and six months, respectively, before Kafka was six, and three younger sisters, Gabriele ("Elli") (18891941), Valerie ("Valli") (18901942), and Ottilie ("Ottla") (18921943). On 8 January 1914, he wrote in his diary: Was habe ich mit Juden gemeinsam? In November 1913 the family moved into a bigger apartment, although Ellie and Valli had married and moved out of the first apartment. [128], In his essay Sadness in Palestine? Guide to Czech Citizenship in 19181949", "Doctor of Law 18 June 1906 - Registry books of the German University in Prague, inventory No. [7] He trained as a lawyer, and after completing his legal education was employed full-time by an insurance company, forcing him to relegate writing to his spare time. 2002: World Humanities II. After studying law at the University of Prague, he worked in insurance and wrote in the. [93] His other interests included alternative medicine, modern education systems such as Montessori,[90] and technological novelties such as airplanes and film. Franz Kafka height - How tall is Franz Kafka? [151][152][153] The story "In der Strafkolonie" ("In the Penal Colony"), dealing with an elaborate torture and execution device, was written in October 1914,[82] revised in 1918, and published in Leipzig during October 1919. [145] The story is often considered Kafka's breakthrough work. Metamorphosis (German: Die Verwandlung) is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915.One of Kafka's best-known works, Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa, who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect (German: ungeheueres Ungeziefer, lit. One problem was that Kafka often began writing in different parts of the book; sometimes in the middle, sometimes working backwards from the end. It has also influenced artists, composers, and philosophers. [205][206], According to Gilles Deleuze and Flix Guattari, the themes of alienation and persecution, although present in Kafka's work, have been overemphasised by critics. [219] Eugene Jolas translated Kafka's "The Judgment" for the modernist journal transition in 1928. Franz Kafka was born on July 3, 1883 in Prague, Bohemia. [94] Writing was vitally important to Kafka; he considered it a "form of prayer". [97] His style, it is claimed, not only in Die Verwandlung (The Metamorphosis), but in various other writings, appears to show low to medium-level schizoid traits, which Prez-lvarez claims to have influenced much of his work. how old was Franz Kafka when he died? His correspondence, during that period, witnesses that he was unhappy with his working time schedule - from 8 p.m until 6 a.m - as it made it extremely difficult for him to concentrate on his writing. (1883-1924) Who Was Franz Kafka? Known For: Literary depictions of the alienation of the modern individual, particularly through governmental bureaucracy Born: July 3, 1883 in Prague, Bohemia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Czech Republic) Parents: Hermann Kafka and Julie Lwy Died: June 3, 1924 in Kierling, Austria Education: Deutsche Karl-Ferdinands-Universitt of Prague [233][234] English translators often render the word Ungeziefer as 'insect'; in Middle German, however, Ungeziefer literally means 'an animal unclean for sacrifice';[235] in today's German, it means 'vermin'. He was born in Prague, Czech Republic: then part of Austria. . [157] The inspiration for the novel was the time Kafka spent in the audience of Yiddish theatre the previous year, bringing him to a new awareness of his heritage, which led to the thought that an innate appreciation for one's heritage lives deep within each person.
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