Tennessee projected to experience major quake in coming years", "Tennessee is more earthquake-prone than you may expect", "Summary of 1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes Sequence", "Federal Lands and Indian Reservations - Tennessee", "Geology and History of the Cumberland Plateau", "Cumberland Trail State Scenic Trail - 2020", "Overview of the State - Tennessee - 2021", Health Resources and Services Administration, "Cumberland River Basin & Barren River Watershed", "Conasauga River nearly became important in Tennessee history", "Revisiting the Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America", 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[341:RTDFOE]2.0.CO;2, "Climate Change and Potential Impacts to Wildlife in Tennessee", "GSMNP reaches biodiversity milestone of 20,000 species", "Tennessee's Duck River in National Geographic", "7 Dangerous Animals in Tennessee: Deadliest Wildlife Guide", "Last Stand for the Southern Spruce-Fir? Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021. [422] This division was related to the state's pattern of Unionist and Confederate loyalism during the Civil War. [157] King had traveled there to support striking African American sanitation workers. [325] Coal production in Tennessee peaked in 1972, and today less than 0.1% of coal in the U.S. comes from Tennessee. [255], According to the 2010 census, 6.4% of Tennessee's population were under age5, 23.6% were under 18, and 13.4% were 65 or older. [146] As part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was created in 1933 to provide electricity, jobs, flood control, improved waterway navigation, agricultural development, and economic modernization to the Tennessee River Valley. [243] Winter storms such as in 1993 and 2021 occur occasionally, and ice storms are fairly common. [13] A slave state until the American Civil War, Tennessee was politically divided, with its western and middle parts supporting the Confederacy and the eastern region harboring pro-Union sentiment. [247] The Office of Management and Budget designates ten metropolitan areas in Tennessee, four of which extend into neighboring states. [74] During this convention, the name Tennessee was chosen for the new state. [249] In addition to the major cities, the Tri-Cities of Kingsport, Bristol, and Johnson City are considered the sixth major population center. [460] Nashville is also home to the Belmont Bruins, members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) but moving to the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) in July 2022; Tennessee State Tigers, OVC members with no plans to change conferences; and the Lipscomb Bisons, members of the ASUN Conference. [172] On December 23, 2008, the largest industrial waste spill in United States history occurred at TVA's Kingston Fossil Plant when more than 1.1 billion gallons of coal ash slurry was accidentally released into the Emory and Clinch Rivers. [205] The Eastern Highland Rim is characterized by relatively level plains dotted by rolling hills, and the Western Highland Rim and western Nashville Basin are covered with uneven rounded knobs with steep ravines separated by meandering streams. Tennessee is under the jurisdiction of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which has jurisdiction over three district courts in the state: the Eastern, Middle, and Western districts. [156] On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray assassinated civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis. Memphis, city, seat (1819) of Shelby county, extreme southwestern Tennessee, U.S. [269] In 2010, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were American (26.5%), English (8.2%), Irish (6.6%), German (5.5%), and Scotch-Irish (2.7%). UT Martin and Tennessee Tech will remain in the OVC, while Peay will move to the ASUN. [180][182] Uncertainties in the latter 19th century over the location of the state's border with Virginia culminated in the U.S. Supreme Court settling the matter in 1893, which resulted in the division of Bristol between the two states. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. [256] In recent years, Tennessee has been a top source of domestic migration, receiving an influx of people relocating from places such as California, the Northeast, and the Midwest due to the low cost of living and booming employment opportunities. [425] Not until after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were African Americans able to regain their full voting rights. [382], Interstate 40 (I-40) is the longest Interstate Highway in Tennessee, traversing the state for 455 miles (732km). Each county elects a sheriff, property assessor, trustee, register of deeds, and county clerk. The first of the bombs was detonated in Los Alamos, New Mexico, in a test code-named Trinity, and the second, nicknamed "Little Boy", was dropped on Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. [459], The state is home to 12 NCAA Division I programs. The average combined rate is about 9.5%, the nation's highest average sales tax. Abbreviation: TN Population (2019): 6,495,978; Rank: 17 of 50 | Population Quick Facts Region: South Admission to Statehood: June 1, 1796 (16th State) State Motto: Agriculture and Commerce State Nickname: Volunteer State Origin of State Name: Named after Cherokee Indian villages called Tanasi [202] The Cumberland Trail traverses the eastern escarpment of the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. Memphis is Tennessee's most populous city and is at the centre of the state's second largest metropolitan area. All of these except the Times Free Press are owned by Gannett. [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. Alvin C. York of Fentress County became one of the most famous and honored American soldiers of World War I. The planned community of Oak Ridge was built to provide accommodations for the facilities and workers; the site was chosen due to the abundance of TVA electric power, its low population density, and its inland geography and topography, which allowed for the natural separation of the facilities and a low vulnerability to attack. [194] The New Madrid Seismic Zone in the northwestern part of the state produced a series of devastating earthquakes between December 1811 and February 1812 that formed Reelfoot Lake near Tiptonville. [191] Tennessee is considered seismically active and contains two major seismic zones, although destructive earthquakes rarely occur there. [394], Like the federal government, Tennessee's government has three branches. [324], Tennessee has very little petroleum and natural gas reserves, but is home to one oil refinery, in Memphis. [341] The NPS also operates Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, and the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. [292] Beef cattle is the state's largest agricultural commodity, followed by broilers and poultry. [348] Parts of West Tennessee, especially Memphis, are sometimes considered part of the Deep South. [455] Tennessee has three minor league soccer teams. Tennessee State Bird is called the Mockingbird-Mimus polyglottos; . [429] During the first half of the 20th century, state politics were dominated by the Democratic Crump machine in Memphis. [402] It has a chief justice and four associate justices. [321] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power,[322] and today is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [106] The next summer, Rosecrans's Tullahoma campaign forced Bragg's remaining troops in Middle Tennessee to retreat to Chattanooga with little fighting. Doing Business As. About 14% of Tennesseans are non-religious, with 11% identifying as "Nothing in particular", 3% as agnostics, and 1% as atheists. This town appeared on British maps as early as 1725. [228] Tennessee is home to 340 species of birds, 325 freshwater fish species, 89 mammals, 77 amphibians, and 61 reptiles. [23] The names of the cultural groups who inhabited the area before European contact are unknown, but archaeologists have named several distinct cultural phases, including the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC1000 AD), and Mississippian (10001600 AD) periods. This area consists of linear parallel ridges separated by valleys that trend northeast to southwest, the general direction of the entire Appalachian range. The executive branch is led by the governor, who holds office for a four-year term and may serve a maximum of two consecutive terms. [400] The Speaker of the Senate also serves as the lieutenant governor, a practice found only in one other state, and the House Speaker is third in line for the governorship. [150][147], During World War II, East Tennessee was chosen for the production of weapons-grade fissile enriched uranium as part of the Manhattan Project, a research and development undertaking led by the U.S. to produce the world's first atomic bombs. [372] Tennessee is also home to six historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The assessment ratio is 40% of the value times the jurisdiction's tax rate. [56][57] The warnings of Dragging Canoe's cousin Nancy Ward spared many settlers' lives from the initial attacks. [165] Also known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, the fair's theme was "Energy Turns the World". 7.4%. As of 2022, Shelby County was both Tennessee's most populous county, with 916,371 residents, and the largest county in area, covering an area of 755 sq mi (1,955 km 2 ). ", "Department of Energy FY 2020 Congressional Budget Request", "Booming tech industry in Middle Tennessee", "Map of Deregulated Energy Markets (Updated 2018) Electric Choice", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2021, "It's the first new U.S. nuclear reactor in decades. [223] Tennessee is the most biodiverse inland state,[224] the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most biodiverse national park,[225][226] and the Duck River is the most biologically diverse waterway in North America. [115][116] Tennessee ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which outlawed slavery in every state, on April 7, 1865,[117] and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to former slaves, on July 18, 1866. [460] Through the 202122 school year, the OVC also includes the Austin Peay Governors from Clarksville, the UT Martin Skyhawks from Martin, and the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles from Cookeville. [71] In June 1795, the legislature conducted a census of the territory, which recorded a population of 77,263, including 10,613 slaves, and a poll that showed 6,504 in favor of statehood and 2,562 opposed. [327][328][329] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. [89] Entrepreneurs such as Montgomery Bell used slaves in the production of iron in the Western Highland Rim, and slaves also cultivated such crops as tobacco and corn throughout the Highland Rim. [405] Tennessee is divided into 31 judicial districts, each with a circuit and chancery court, and a district attorney and judges elected to eight-year terms. [374], Six television media marketsNashville, Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Tri-Cities, and Jacksonare based in Tennessee. [4] Tennessee is a right-to-work state, like most of its Southern neighbors. . [15] Tennessee has also played a major role in the development of many forms of popular music, including country, blues, rock and roll, soul, and gospel. 1. Between 2010 and 2021, the state grew by an average of 0.8% per year. In 2016, the element tennessine was named for the state, largely in recognition of the roles played by Oak Ridge, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee in its discovery. [217] Its principal branches in Tennessee are the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, Harpeth, and Red rivers. First census allowing respondents to select more than one race, worst maritime disaster in American history, Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition, Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, striking African American sanitation workers, Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe, largest industrial waste spill in United States history, one of the nation's most religious states, National Association of Free Will Baptists, List of Tennessee locations by per capita income, List of power stations operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority, Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Manhattan Project National Historical Park, National Museum of African American Music, List of colleges and universities in Tennessee, historically Black colleges and universities, chief justice and four associate justices, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, United States congressional delegations from Tennessee, "Tennessee adopts 'The Volunteer State' as official nickname", "Nashville overtakes Memphis as Tennessee's largest city", "Elevations and Distances in the United States", "Barrett M82 sniper rifle becomes official state rifle", "City and Town Population Totals: 20102019", "Why Tennessee is Called the Volunteer State", "IUPAC Announces the Names of the Elements 113, 115, 117, and 118", "Tennessee's Name Dates Back To 1567 Spanish Explorer Captain Juan Pardo", "Who Were the Mysterious Yuchi of Tennessee and the Southeast? After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became a key center of scientific research. [274] Muslims and Jews each make up about 1% of the population, and adherents of other religions make up about 3% of the population. Standard Thompsons Station, Thompsons Stn Williamson County Area Code 615 Area Code 629 . [431] During this time, Democratic presidential nominees from Southern states, including Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton, tended to fare better in Tennessee than their Northern counterparts, especially among split-ticket voters outside the metropolitan areas. Tennessee earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when many Tennesseans helped with the war effort.. [362] In 2021, the four-year high school graduation rate was 88.7%, a decrease of 1.2% from the previous year. [155] The next year, nearby Clinton High School was integrated, and Tennessee National Guard troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence. [244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. [212] It ends at steep loess bluffs overlooking the Mississippi embayment, the westernmost physiographic division of Tennessee, which is part of the larger Mississippi Alluvial Plain. List of Tennessee area codes. [357] The Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly, is also based in Nashville. [44][45] Hostilities erupted between the British and the Cherokees into an armed conflict, and a siege of the fort ended with its surrender in 1760. [271][272], Since colonization, Tennessee has always been predominantly Christian. [17], Tennessee derives its name most directly from the Cherokee town of Tanasi (or "Tanase", in syllabary: ) in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee, on the Tanasi River, now known as the Little Tennessee River. [325] Other major mineral products produced in Tennessee include sand, gravel, crushed stone, Portland cement, marble, sandstone, common clay, lime, and zinc. Small sections of the Huntsville, Alabama and Paducah, Kentucky-Cape Girardeau, Missouri-Harrisburg, Illinois markets also extend into the state. [31] Cherokee peoples in Tennessee were known by European settlers as the Overhill Cherokee because they lived west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Most of the Blue Ridge area is protected by the Cherokee National Forest, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and several federal wilderness areas and state parks. [113], When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was largely held by Union forces and thus not among the states enumerated, so it freed no slaves there. [412], Tennessee sends nine representatives to the United States House of Representatives. [26], Spanish conquistadors who explored the region in the 16th century encountered some of the Mississippian peoples, including the Muscogee Creek, Yuchi, and Shawnee.
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