The crescent and star in the flag of the Kingdom of Libya (1951) was explicitly given an Islamic interpretation by associating it with "the story of Hijra (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed"[15] By the 1950s, this symbolism was embraced by movements of Arab nationalism such as the proposed Arab Islamic Republic (1974).[16]. [19]:110111, If the substitutionist interpretation of 4:157 (that Christ was replaced on the cross) is taken as a valid reading of the Qurnic text, the question arises of whether this idea is represented in Christian sources. The other two colors with powerful symbolism in Islam are white and black. The same symbol was used in other national flags introduced during the 20th century, including the flags of Kazakhstan (1917), Azerbaijan (1918), Pakistan (1947), Malaysia (1948), Singapore (1959), Mauritania (1959), Kashmir (1974), Uzbekistan (1991), Turkmenistan (1991) and Comoros (2001). [26][27][28][29] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders.[30]. Found in the 19th century at the site of the Biais commandery, in Saint-Pre-en-Retz, Loire-Atlantique, France, now in the Muse Dobr in Nantes, inv. [56], Cyril Glass in his The New Encyclopedia of Islam (2001 edition, s.v. One of these is the Coptic cross. Marble altar, Roman artwork, 2nd century AD. Who is Maryam (Mary)? [3], The identity of the substitute has been a source of great interest. The four stylized arms are viewed as the protective arms of God that will keep evil at bay. We can only try to understand some of the reasons. If it is drawn on the basis that it is a cross, it is not permissible for the Muslim to carry it, wear it, buy it, sell it or draw it, because the reason for the prohibition on drawing or wearing crosses is to avoid imitating the Christians and venerating their false religious symbols. [39] When the Ottoman Turks took over Istanbul, they decided to use the town's symbol as their own. 1. Sep 30, 2010. [16], Many ancient Greek (classical and hellenistic) and Roman amulets which depict stars and crescent have been found. It was developed in the Greek colony of Byzantium ca. As the reforms abolished all the various flags (standards) of the Ottoman pashaliks, beyliks and emirates, a single new Ottoman national flag was designed to replace them. the quran says with proof and truth that 'Isa was sent to the cross for crucifiction not crucified witch is true it was made to appear that the jews killed him but they killled him not is also true.God said to 'Isa in quran I will cause you to die and raise you up to me is true. As with the Coptic Cross, the circle at the top of this cross is most likely inherited from the Ankh, where it originally depicted the Sun god. Jesus' death is mentioned in the future sense (on the Day of Resurrection) in the Quran, and his attempted death and his ascension into Heaven in the past sense. As the East Roman Empire (now known as Byzantium) had conquered most of the Middle East for quite some time, its entirely possible that they took the Crescent Moon symbol from there first. Rather, a certain Simon of Cyrene was compelled (Simonem quendam Cyrenaeum angariatum) to carry his cross for him. and in the Wernigeroder Wappenbuch (late 15th century) attributed to one of the three Magi, named "Balthasar of Tarsus". Post WWII flag of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF), Flag of the Organization of Turkic States. The claim of humanity to have this power against God is illusory. The narrative states this transformation of appearance not only fooled the Romans, but the Pharisees, the High Priest, the followers of Christ, and his mother Mary. [19]:107[25]:115116, In his scholarly monograph Gott ist Christus, der Sohn der Maria. Yet the cross had been a common religious symbol centuries before Christianity for several nations worldwide. What is the meaning of the cross of Christ? The obverse side has the inscription with a stag feeding, with the star and crescent and monogram of Pergamum placed near the stag's head, all in an ivy-wreath.[25]. The Quran refers to God as Allah, which is the Arabic word for God. Recently, Summerer has convincingly suggested that Men alone was the inspiration for the symbol on the royal coins of the Pontic kingdom. But this one into whose hands and feet they drive the nails is his fleshly part, which is the substitute being put to shame, the one who came into being in his likeness. [3][4][5][14] According to the Islamic scholar Muhammad Asad the crucifixion of Jesus did not take place, nor was there any substitution "for Jesus, a person closely resembling him",[15] thus among many Asad also rejects the theory of substitution mentioned with the words "none of these legends finds the slightest support in the Qur'an or in authentic Traditions, and the stories produced in this connection by the classical commentators must be summarily rejected". [55] The official position of Islam is that no holy symbols should be worshipped and revered. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symbols_of_Islam&oldid=1159699118, Articles needing additional references from July 2022, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, The crescent appears to have been adopted as an, The star and crescent moon was created by the Byzantines, even though it is commonly associated with the, The Rub el Hizb (Islamic Star) is used to facilitate recitation of the Quran. Dodwell (Ed.). And Jesus, they say, answered: "Be merciful to me, Lord; you know that I did not say so, nor will I boast that I am your servant; but men who have gone astray wrote that I said this and they said lies concerning me and they have been in error". California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Legal? Jessica Harn 2 November 2017 View When you don't know the local language, body language can be a helpful way to understand what is going on. [44] A docetic interpretation regarding Jesus' death is provided by Ghazali, who states Mansur Al-Hallaj quoted the Quranic verse about Jesus' death being merely an illusion, referring to both himself and Jesus as something, whose bodies could be killed but not their divine element. Professor and Muslim scholar Mahmoud M. Ayoub sums up what the Quran states despite interpretative Islamic arguments: The Quran, as we have already argued, does not deny the death of Christ. [11]:34, This docetic interpretation regarding Jesus' crucifixion was also shared by Manichaeans. Use of the star-and-crescent combination apparently goes back to the earlier appearance of a star and a crescent on Parthian coins, first under King Orodes II (1st century BC). Those there punished me, yet I did not die in solid reality but in what appears, in order that I not be put to shame by them [] For my death which they think happened, (happened) to them in their error and blindness. Olshausen believed that the star and crescent could be related to a syncretism of Pontic and Iranian iconography: the crescent for Men and the star for Ahura Mazda. Dwelling on Truth, Not Lies - iBelieve Truth: A Devotional for Women - June 28. That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah"; but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not.Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise. It is the world's second-largest religion, with over 1.9 billion followers, and Muslims form 24.4% of the world's population. The subject may even prove a major bridge to reach Muslims with the gospel of Jesus Christ. ), "Sasani coins remained in circulation in Moslem countries up to the end of the first century (, "when we come to examine the history of the crescent as a badge of Muhammadanism, we are confronted by the fact that it was not employed by the Arabs or any of the first peoples who embraced the faith of the prophet" In this list, weve also included colors that hold deep, symbolic meanings for Muslims. "Submission [to God]") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. Christian? Star and crescent on the obverse of the Jelacic-Gulden of the Kingdom of Croatia (1848). In contrast, for Christians, the cross is the ultimate symbol of Gods love and victory. [37] Nonetheless, some scholars suggest that it may contain some remnants of an earlier, apocryphal work (perhaps Gnostic,[38] Ebionite,[39] or Diatessaronic[40]), redacted to bring it more in line with Islamic doctrine. Tuareg is sometimes spelt Touaregand occasionally mis-spelt as 'Taureg' (see Tau). A. Locher, "With Star and Crescent: A Full and Authentic Account of a Recent Journey with a Caravan from Bombay to Constantinope"; Andrew Haggard, "Under Crescent and Star" (1895). Muslims believe Jesus was born of Mary, a virgin, to become one of the five Great Prophets, the others being Abraham, Moses, Noah and Muhammad. He [Christ] appeared on earth as a man and performed miracles (apparuisse eum virtutes perfecisse). [24]:93, John of Damascus, a Syrian Eastern Orthodox monk, Christian theologian, and apologist that lived under the Umayyad Caliphate, reported in his heresiological treatise De Haeresibus (8th century) the Islamic denial of Jesus' crucifixion and his alleged substitution on the cross, attributing the origin of these doctrines to Muhammad:[19]:106107[25]:115116, And the Jews, having themselves violated the Law, wanted to crucify him, but having arrested him they crucified his shadow. The star, or Sun, is often shown within the arc of the crescent (also called star in crescent, or star within crescent, for disambiguation of depictions of a star and a crescent side by side). Banner of the Zaporizhian Sich (Cossacks of Ukraine) before 1775. The Rub el Hizb is used to facilitate recitation of the Quran. Yordan Zhelyazkov is a published fantasy author and an experienced copywriter. And he [Muhammad] says this, that when Christ went up to heaven God questioned him saying "O Jesus, did you say that 'I am Son of God, and God'?" Coat of arms of John Freigraf of "Lesser Egypt" (i.e. [31] Ibn al-Athir forwarded the report that it was Judas, the betrayer, while also mentioning the possibility it was a man named Natlianus. Here, black symbolizes modesty. Depiction of a star and crescent flag on the Saracen side in the Battle of Yarmouk (manuscript illustration of the History of the Tatars, Catalan workshop, early 14th century). However, as people are naturally drawn to symbols as easy representations of ideas, there have been many Islamic symbols developed over the years with or without the support of Muslim leaders and authorities. This would explain cases where the inside curve of the crescent has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer, the opposite of what happens with the moon. Red is also a commonly used color but it doesnt seem to have a particularly key significance in Islam. Three of these passages seem to clearly indicate the death of Jesus and they associate Jesus with multiple Arabic verbs meaning to die (mutawafikka, tawaffayantani, and amutu). [Note 1] The Black Banner, which is different from the flag used by ISIL. Adherents of Islam, called Muslims, number approximately 1.9 billion globally and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and . The Shahada, or Shahadah, symbol is an old Islamic oath written in calligraphy. Kenya Connection is a 501c3 Charity (EIN: 81-2213098) | kenyaconnection@gmail.com | Copyright 2023. The crescent and star symbol became strongly associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Or who is this one, glad and laughing on the tree? Before the arrival of Islam, Berbers were Christian and very familiar with Christian art. "On Representations of Helios and of Selene." [15] An example of such an arrangement is also found in the (highly speculative) reconstruction of a fragmentary stele of Ur-Nammu (Third Dynasty of Ur) discovered in the 1920s. The flag of the Ottoman Navy was made red, as red was to be the flag of secular institutions and green of religious ones. Tunisia (1831), Libya (1951, re-introduced 2011) and Algeria (1958). They said, "Because he regretted what he had done he committed suicide by strangling himself." The symbol is the conjoined representation of a crescent and a star. This is partly because death is considered a natural human experience and also because the evidence for the crucifixion of Christ is so overwhelming. e.g. Revival 2023 Sabbath Meeting 6, June 27, 2023. William Ridgeway, "The Origin of the Turkish Crescent", in, Bohemond III of Antioch (r. 11631201) This is similar to Christianity where God isnt technically given a name and is just called God. Shame and guilt will launch an all-out attack on our confidence if we allow doubtful, worrisome, and anxious thoughts to spin into a destructive tornado. what does islam mean in arabic?Islam is the Arabic word for "peace." It is one of the major world religions, and it is the most practiced faith in the Middle East. The Rub part of the symbol means quarter or one-fourth while Hizb means a party or a group. The faith of Islam historically had no symbol, and many refuse to accept it." Most people today recognize the Star and Crescent symbol as the official symbol of Islam. Nevertheless, like prayer beads used in many other religions, this cross is a symbol of one's faith. The symbol is also found on a number of emblems and flags especially the state of, Khatim symbol (Black Star) is known as the seal of the, Used in the Quran to indicate when the reader should perform, The number 1 symbolizes the Shahada of Muslims: "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.". Even though written symbols are not officially recognized by Muslim authorities, multiple symbols have been formed and recognized by the broader Muslim population over the years. [8]:12 The Greek Father of the Church and bishop Irenaeus in his heresiological treatise Against Heresies (180 CE) described early Gnostic beliefs regarding the crucifixion and death of Jesus[21]:918 that bear remarkable resemblance with the Islamic views, expounding on the hypothesis of substitution:[19]:111. [30]:39, Muslim historian al-Tabari (d. 923 CE/310 AH) records an interpretation transmitted from Ibn Ishaq Bishr: "God caused Jesus to die for seven hours". I saw him (Jesus) seemingly being seized by them. What does the cross mean to you? "Mosque and minaret are surmounted by crescents; the air glowing over the Golden Horn is, as it were, full of moons. Pastor of First Baptist Church of Grand Cayman. Although Islam doesnt put much stock into iconography and symbols, there are still many that remain meaningful to its followers. supports HTML5 video. According to Islam, a true prophet of God cannot be defeated by his enemies. The Star and Crescent Most people today recognize the Star and Crescent symbol as the official symbol of Islam. It is the world's second-largest religion, with over 1.9 billion followers, and Muslims form 24.4% of the world's population. Human nature of Jesus Distorting the religion of Jesus How the Jews, Christians, crusaders and their followers fabricate lies against Allah Did Jesus claim that he is God or the son of God? Black, on the other hand, has a very different symbolism in Islam than it does in other cultures. The chief symbol of Christianity today is the cross. "[18] What is Islam, and what do Muslims believe? While there are several meaningful Islamic symbols out there, some specifics about Islam make it less focused on written and painted symbols compared to other religions. This symbolism was embraced by movements of Arab nationalism or Islamism in the 1970s too, such as the proposed Arab Islamic Republic (1974) and the American Nation of Islam (1973). [53] The increasingly ubiquitous fashion of using the star and crescent symbol in the ornamentation of Ottoman mosques and minarets led to a gradual association of the symbol with Islam in general in western Orientalism. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. National flags with a crescent alongside several stars: Flag of Singapore (1965): crescent and five stars, Flag of Uzbekistan (1991): crescent and twelve stars, Flag of Turkmenistan (2001): crescent and five stars (representing five provinces), Flag of the Comoros (2002): crescent and four stars (representing four islands), Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands of Australia (2003): crescent and southern cross. A buyruldu from 1793 states that the ships in the Ottoman navy have that flag, and various other documents from earlier and later years mention its use. As for the true Ottoman origin of the Star and Crescent sign and its meaning that is not entirely clear. 300 BC, though it became more widely used as the royal emblem of Pontic king Mithridates VI . Also called The Muslim Cross, the Cross of Agadez, this symbol is used only by the Sunni Muslim Tuareg people of Saharan Africa. [14]:106, The belief that Jesus only appeared to be crucified and did not actually die predates Islam and is found in several New Testament apocrypha and Gnostic Gospels. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. While Turkey is predominantly Muslim today, that wasnt always the case. [14]:106, Some disagreement and discord can be seen beginning with Ibn Ishaq's (d. 761 CE/130 AH) report of a brief accounting of events leading up to the crucifixion, firstly stating that Jesus was replaced by someone named Sergius, while secondly reporting an account of Jesus' tomb being located at Medina and thirdly citing the places in Quran3:55 and 4:158 that God took Jesus up to himself. It is only through the cross of Jesus Christ that we can understand the depth and meaning of Gods love. And you, see how they do not know what they are saying. The word "Islam" is often literally translated as "submission," but upon further linguistic analysis we see a much deeper meaning emerge. The Ottoman flag of 1844, with a white ay-yldz (Turkish for "crescent-star") on a red background, continues to be in use as the flag of the Republic of Turkey, with minor modifications. But he said to me, 'I have told you, 'Leave the blind alone!'. The book presents a radical theory of the origins and development of the Islamic state and religion based on archeological , epigraphical and historiographical research. Sassanid rulers also appear to have used crowns featuring a crescent, sphere and crescent, or star and crescent. The Abbasids chose black (blue) and fought with black banners. By "God raised him up to himself" and "You took me to Yourself" it can be assumed, based on a cursory reading of the plain text, that Jesus ascended to Heaven rather than dying. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God. between different cultures. Rokuyo - the science of lucky and unlucky days, Ancient Pagan and Modern Christian Symbolism, Similarities between Christianity and Islam. The words, "they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him" speaks to the profound events of ephemeral human history, exposing mankind's heart and conscience towards God's will. Rather, it is a peaceful, willing submission where the . Union europenne des arabisants et islamisants. It is a cross used by some Muslims but does not represent Islam nor the Crucifixion of Jesus. He said, "God raised me to Himself and I came to no harm. Siebmachers Wappenbuch (1605) records 48 coats of arms of German families which include one or several crescents. Many Crusader seals and coins show the crescent and the star (or blazing Sun) on either side of the ruler's head (as in the Sassanid tradition), e.g. That it is you yourself whom they take, and that you are grasping me? And is it another one whose feet and hands they are striking?' The Red Cross and the Red Crescent are placed . The fourth passage (Al-Nisa 4:157), however, tells us that it was made to appear that Jesus died, but they did not kill him for certain. Based on these four passages, a number of theories have been developed on the death of Jesus. "A rare type with crescent and star alone on the reverse is probably Chashtana's earliest issue, struck before he extended his power into Malwa." In the past sense it is said that the Jews did not kill or crucify Jesus but it only appeared to them as if they had,[4][13] because Jesus had been raised up by God according to the Quranic narrative. And he was with a Holy Spirit, and he is the Savior. The result was the red flag with the white crescent moon and star, which is the precursor to the modern flag of Turkey. Several possible interpretations of the emblem have been proposed. Jesus replied, "If he had turned towards God, God would have turned toward him". As such, Halal symbolizes things that are permissible by Allah and in the Muslim faith. The apocryphal Gospel of Barnabas (the known manuscripts dated to the late 16th or early 17th centuries), also promotes a non-death narrative. The crescent moon and star is a widely-recognized symbol of Islam, while the colors green, white, black, red, and blue all have symbolic meaning. Other theories suggest that Jesus died only in a physical sense or that he did not die, but was seized by God. Touareg is also a name adopted by Volkswagen for one of their SUV cars (VW Touareg website). "His royal emblem, an eight rayed star and the crescent moon, represented the dynasty's patron gods, Zeus Stratios, or Ahuramazda, and Mn Pharnakou, a Persian form of the native moon goddess." Gregg, Stephen; Barker, Gregory 2010, p. 121. Crossroads to Islam: The Origins of the Arab Religion and the Arab State is a book by archaeologist Yehuda D. Nevo and researcher Judith Koren. many Islamic flags is the old moon . And I saw someone about to approach us resembling him, even him who was laughing on the tree. And I said 'What do I see, O Lord? In fact, supporters of the use of the Star and Crescent symbol as an Islamic symbol have even found certain passages in the Quran which can be interpreted as supporting the use of the symbol even though the Quran was written long before the formation of the Ottoman Empire. This [corpse] is something which was "made a semblance to them". In regard to the interpretation of the Muslims who accept the historicity of Jesus' crucifixion, Mahmoud M. Ayoub states: The Qur'an is not here speaking about a man, righteous and wronged though he may be, but about the Word of God who was sent to earth and returned to God. Amad, Ab Dawd, and an-Nas in his book al-Sunan al-Kubar have narrated on authority of Yunus bin Obeid, the slave of Muhammad Bin al-Qassem that he said: Muhammad Bin al-Qassem sent me to al-Baraa bin Azeb to ask him about the banner (rya) of Prophet Muhammad: what is it? The Hamsa Hand symbolizes defense, bravery, and power, and its often used as an icon of protection. Description: The first of a three-part article discussing the Islamic concept of Jesus: Part 1: His birth and miracles. In the 2nd century, the star-within-crescent is found on the obverse side of Roman coins minted during the rule of Hadrian, Geta, Caracalla and Septimius Severus, in some cases as part of an arrangement of a crescent and seven stars, one or several of which were placed inside the crescent.[31]. [6][7][9]:431436[48] Ahmadis believe that Jesus, having survived the crucifixion, later migrated to India to escape persecution in Judea and to further spread his message to the Lost Tribes of Israel. Built by Slovaks and Russians, the Touareg name helps to give a tough, off-road, take-me-across-the-Sahara image for American and European city-dwellers. Mohammedan SC in Kolkata, India also incorporates the symbol in its crest. [12] By contrast, the majority of religious Islamic publications emphasize that the crescent is rejected "by some Muslim scholars". [10]:41[19]:110111[20]:8286[21]:918 Although most contemporary scholars argue that the Islamic portrayal of Jesus himself is not docetic, his crucifixion narrative in the Quran could be. Coat of arms of Misk Mazowiecki, Poland. Its one of the Five Pillars of Islam and it reads I bear witness that none deserves worship except God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God. Hecate had a cult in Byzantium from the time of its founding. Islam: [noun] the religious faith of Muslims including belief in Allah as the sole deity and in Muhammad as his prophet. The Rub el Hizb symbol is another one thats often viewed as a direct representation of the Muslim faith. God alone knows the full wisdom behind what He does. The white crescent with an eight-pointed star on a red field is depicted as the flag of a "Turkish Man of War" in Colton's Delineation of Flags of All Nations (1862). Given their nomadic traditions, the four arms can also be seen as conduits for spreading love to the four corners of the world, similar to the Christian's Mission Cross. [] the star and the crescent, the badge of the Pontus and its kings, shown on the Colchian amphora stamp, and appearing on engraved finger-rings discovered in this area allude to the possibility of an earlier association of the Pontic dynasty with the cult of mounted Mithra. It features a small cross at the center of a larger symbol and is viewed as a representation of Allah. [19]:128. See less. So, the Rub el Hizb marks all these divides and is frequently seen in the Quran. It has been suggested that the crescent actually represents Venus[4][5] or even the sun during an eclipse. History and Origin. Thabiti Anyabwile. Both elements have a long history in the iconography of the Ancient Near East as representing either the Sun and Moon or the Moon and Venus (Morning Star) (or their divine personifications). [45], According to the proponents of the swoon hypothesis, the appearances of the risen Jesus to his disciples following his physical resurrection from the dead three days in the tomb were merely perceived to be resurrection appearances by his followers; proponents of the swoon hypothesis believe that Jesus allegedly fell unconscious ("swooned") on the cross, survived the crucifixion, and then regained enough strength to appear before them while he was still alive. [43], Crescents (without the star) increase in popularity in early modern heraldry in Europe. The term Muslim Cross begs qualification. But the substitutionist idea in a general form is quite clearly expressed in the Gnostic Nag Hammadi documents Apocalypse of Peter and The Second Treatise of the Great Seth. [43] Docetists are Christians or Gnostics who believed that Jesus' physical body was an illusion, as was his crucifixion; that is, Jesus only seemed to have a physical body and to physically die, but in reality he was incorporeal, a pure spirit, and hence could not physically die. [3] Judas Iscariot, Jesus' betrayer, is often cited, and is mentioned in the Gospel of Barnabas. The second strand is narrated as follows: The Jews were looking for Jesus. See Similarities between Christianity and Islam. [33] In following with Islamic lore, when Jesus was informed in the third heaven about what happened he prayed to God to be sent back to the earth, and later descended and gathered his mother, disciples, and followers and told them the truth of what happened. The last part of the symbol is a small circle drawn in the center of the star. Muslims have not only copied artwork from Christianity, but have found they share many religious beliefs too. Since its earliest days, the color green has been associated with Islam by most of its followers because of a particular line in the Quran (18:31) which states that those who inhabit paradise will wear fine silk garments of green. Christianity / Jesus / Death & Resurrection / The Crucifixion / What Do Muslims Have to Say about the Cross? Copyright 2023, Christianity.com. [46] This 200-year-old hypothesis continues to be the subject of debate in popular circles, but the scholarly literature considers it uncontroversial that Jesus died during the process of crucifixion.[47]. (We shall see an echo of this idea in the Qur'an.) Fiaz Fazli, The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Saudi Aramco World: Flags of the Arab World, "Hadith on Clothing - Recommendation to wear white clothing", "What Is The Significance Of The Crescent Moon In Islam? The cross remains the point at which Islam and Christian theology clash not just because the Qur'an denies the crucifixion (a disputed point), or because Muslims reject its historicity (some do .
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