Perhaps the day will come when Roman Catholics will also be represented in the Ecumenical Council. We seem to have a long way to go before we realize the great teachings of our Master.. These were the main themes of the Conference held in 1917. Armistice Day saw men passing on in great numbers to those other lands which cannot be mapped by physics, mathematics, and medicine. I sent them a telegram saying that our invitation was ready to be sent. Jens Gleditsch11 sent a letter containing the seeds of the profound and thought-provoking speech he was to give later at the Ecumenical Conference in Stockholm in 1925. Our appeal was favorably received and led to the desired results on more than one occasion. This was followed by the ecumenical revivals baptism of fire in Geneva in 192025. In 1920, Norway and Sweden suggested a move toward conciliation and arbitration. 48. A president has not yet been elected. For more than a century, these academic institutions have worked independently to select Nobel Prize laureates. It was he who, after stressing in Stockholm his faith in world peace in the name of Christ, added: I may be a fool, but if so, I am Gods fool.. We do not limit this to our own people or province. About the Report 5. Why struggle with the present church system, rigid as it has been for centuries and, if not immovable, at least very difficult to handle? David Livingstone (1813-1873), Scottish missionary famous for his mission to and his exploration of Africa. We should, therefore, strive with all our might for Christian unity of mankind and we should be generous in our small circles to prove that the brotherly unification of mankind is not an idealistic dream of utopians but a realistic aim, inseparable from the Gospel.. As pleasantly surprised as ourselves, the paper requested further information about our intention to organize an international church assembly and published an article on the matter. promoting an all-inclusive political dialogue in the country towards justice, peace, reconciliation and national healing in Zimbabwe. The flowers do not speak of revenge; they spring up from hearts warmly remembered; rooted in bitter reality, they grow in a new dream. I had already suggested in my proposal in 1919 and 1920 that this Ecumenical Council ought not to speak with an official external authority, but should inspire response and results from its words by the method spoken of by Paul the Apostle in II Cor. A. Frdric Ozanam, La Civilisation au cinquine sicle (Oeuvres compltes), Vol. He highlighted Montenegro's key role in promoting stability and peace in the Western Balkans, including by contributing troops to the KFOR peace-keeping mission in Kosovo. Perhaps young couples seeking privacy sit down on the gun carriage and talk about their dreams, love, and future words befitting the eternal melody of the world in spring, murmured around the tools of death. embraced the realization that the church and the diocese had a special role in calling for peace in the valley (Korir, p.2). (4) The legal system is the work of God, and it is the duty of the church to stress its sanctity and to work for its extension beyond national boundaries. John Paul II, Message for the 1988 World Day of Peace, 3: AAS 80 (1988), 282-284. It was once more the Evangelical church, weakened though it was by discord and rightly criticized for its schisms, which was the first community or group of people in the world to bring together responsible men and women from both camps after the Great War. After the Stockholm meeting, the Evangelical Lutheran World Convention was consolidated here in Oslo. Our generation has lived through [] They must cease to be antagonistic, suspiciously spying on each other. 36. I was succeeded as president of the European section, or rather of the continental and northern section, by the jurist Dr. Kapler33, of Berlin, a most distinguished German churchman, elected not in his capacity of chairman of the German Church Union but by the European section of the Ecumenical Council. The unifying factor for the Greek church lies in a language, for the Roman church in a city, and for the Evangelical church in a joyous and inspiring message. 32. We must not forget that there are two doctrines of progress. . Nils Baardsnrn Thvedt (1862-1940), clergyman; received permission in 1927 to use Bernhard as his first name. The letter was signed by 12 metropolitans, the ecumenical patriarchate being vacant, but was largely the work of Archbishop Germanos, later metropolitan of Thyateira. & Spong, B. As regards a future rapprochement, some connections already exist and others are being established. Johan Lyder Brun (1870-1950), professor of theology at the University of Oslo (1897-1940). The documents, signed by Ostenfeld, Stylen, and Sderblom, were issued for the consideration of the church and as a guide for her work. It is, therefore, desirable that prominent churchmen of different creeds should assemble in the near future and form a conference at which, in a spirit of concord, in prayer, and by serious negotiations, they can discuss what should be done in order to help virtue and fraternity triumph over the evil passions which have for years now made enemies of the greatest civilized nations of the world. But, Messiah, destined unfold banner which will gather together all peoples earth, regardless race, color, and religion, Finally, let us turn to the governments. It was to include also the church representatives from the countries at war. This research seeks to evaluate the actual role the church played in fostering reconciliation, assess reconciliation processes employed . We also realized that ignorance should be dispelled and that religion and morality should be based on the following two major premises: (I) the commandment of love transcends all frontiers, as enunciated by the Savior in the parable of the Good Samaritan, the son of a hated neighboring people; and (2) the Christian concept of justice is generated by a continuous process of divine creation, as are the sanctity and the dissemination of Christian justice. Key words: Reconciliation, Peace, Church, Crisis I. After discussions and correspondence, the organization of the meeting was undertaken by three of us: myself, the Bishop of Oslo, an eminent and scrupulous person of outstanding culture, and the Bishop of Sjlland3, the indefatigable champion of the unification of churches. (2019) assert that the social, cultural, moral, ethical, and spiritual values created through learning are transmitted from one generation to another, further promoting coexistence. A young French colleague came to us from the International Labor Office to deliver a greeting from the head of the Office: We have the personnel; we ask you for leading ideas. Mankind in fact cannot do without them; it cannot manage on short-term purpose alone. Charles Kingsley (1819-1875), British clergyman and author, friend and associate of Maurice in Christian Socialism; wrote social novels such as Alton Locke. It is true that the Popes 1928 Encyclical of the Twelfth Day29 forbids Roman Catholics to take part in our ecumenical assemblies, these assemblies having been condemned. Sant'Egidio, a Catholic lay organization based in Rome with an American branch, has made dramatic interventions to promote peace in Mozambique, Burundi, Congo, Algeria, Kosovo, and elsewhere. We had already decided to make arrangements for a meeting. The Ecumenical Council speaks for her two other main divisions. 33. The originator was the Bishop of Chichester, G. K. A. Bell14, well known to us from the Ecumenical Conference. (eds . However, the world being what it is, we cannot dispense with organizations. Bernt Stylen (1858-1937), bishop of Kristiansand, Norway. 22. As is widely known, the ecumenical movement has always included in its program cooperation with historians and teachers of all countries in expunging from textbooks everything that breeds contempt and hatred of another country, along with all untrue information concerning other nations. Will the obligation of the church to peace then be investigated more profoundly and more generally? Decorations are no longer envied as a proof of bravery; they are bonds, connections with a dying generation. We are called to be co-creators in our own way." (Photo by Basilio Sepe) Why should we work for justice, peace and integrity of creation? This was precisely what we were planning here in the North. They should try to understand others, their thoughts, languages, and behavior. We possess encouraging testimonies from many Roman Catholic laymen, particularly those belonging to the intelligentsia, and also from Roman priests and theologians who follow our endeavors with sympathy and good wishes. All three are a continuation of the earliest Christendom. Reckless nationalism had to be replaced by Christian brotherhood. In the Old Testament the children of Israel, under the Law of Moses were required to give a tithe (tithe = 10%) of their grain, the fruit of their trees, and/or of their flocks or herds. Specifically, I am interested in the attention given by the Church to promote peaceful co-existence among diverse ethnic communities. Now nothing is left. Is there less hatred, less envy, less despair? 12. The appeal of November 14, largely the work of the laureate, was a call for peace and Christian fellowship. The one hundred members of the Ecumenical Council are divided into five sections. Frederick Denison Maurice (1805-1832), British theologian, chief founder of Christian Socialism movement; a founder and first principal of the Working Mens College (1854). (Frank) Theodore Woods (1874-1932), British bishop of Peterborough (1916-1924) and bishop of Winchester (1924-1932). The second vice-president of the European section is a Frenchman, Professor Wilfred Monod, of Paris. Although Evangelical churchmen from both sides, from Germany, England, and other countries, had assembled for three days in Bern in 191523, together with representatives from neutral countries, the efforts to bring about the great international church council in Oslo were unsuccessful. After countless setbacks and difficulties, and after the unfortunate failure of the labor movements efforts to bring about a common meeting, responsible patriots eventually managed to assemble in 1919 at Oud Wassenaar near The Hague for the first time since the World War24. 42. A further draft, drawn up on the initiative of the Swedish foreign minister, was presented in December, 1927, to the secretary-general of the League of Nations. The brasswork becomes as green with verdigris as the fields in the spring, and birds build their nests in the muzzle. The first is the Bishop of Haderslev, Valdemar Ammundsen40, one of the experienced leaders of the ecumenical work and president of the World Alliance for International Friendship founded at Constance at the outbreak of the war, which now has committees in over thirty countries. Passed by the Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work. I, p.17. As our nation heads for general elections on December 7, 2020, the church as a prophetic voice in society considers herself as an agent of peace with a responsibility to preach, exhibit, and. Founded by the World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh, 1910, as a permanent organ to promote international religious cooperation. The Neutral Conference addressed a letter to the Continuation Committee for missions, established in Edinburgh12. Bredo Henrik von Munthe av Morgenstierne (1851-1930), professor of law and economics; president of the University of Oslo (1912-1918). He used these words : The world has not yet drunk its fill of blood sacrificed for human vanity, sin, envy, and tyranny. Julius Curtius (1877-1948), German foreign minister (1929-1931). (2) We believe that the settlement of international disputes by war is irreconcilable with the spirit of Christ, and therefore irreconcilable with the spirit and conduct of His church.. The text in Swedish published in Les Prix Nobel en 1930 is used for this translation. The fifth section is made up of old and new churches in the Orient and elsewhere which do not belong to any of the four sections just mentioned. Pray with a fresh awareness of God. We must listen to them and their followers, even though it may be painful, humiliating, and even contrary to our thoughts and habits. The whole church is edified or lifted up when the prophetic gift begins to function and operate freely in a service. How Does Religion Promote Social Justice? 9. The efforts of the Church towards promoting political dialogue (c) The church must work for international understanding and for the settlement of international disputes through mediation and arbitration. 4:2 when he says: We, by manifestation of the truth, commend ourselves to every mans conscience in the sight of God. The truth has a covert or overt ally in the heart of man and in his deeds. The first, fostered by the sensualist schools, reinstates the passions; it promises people an earthly paradise at the end of a flower-strewn road, but gives them only an earthly hell at the end of a road of blood. According to the Christian point of view, our awareness of right and wrong is a divine gift, as are its outgrowths: law and civil order. Not far from Uppsala, I picked up an English newspaper and saw on the first page: The British Council for Promoting an International Christian Conference. Bishop Otto Jensen wrote from Hamar: I am delighted that the desire for peace and brotherliness is spreading within the Evangelical Church. Examining the potential role religion can play in generating peace and justice, specifically Christianity in South Africa's TRC, is of utmost importance as religiously inspired violence continues to occur. the role of religious leaders and spiritual leaders in conflict management and resolution has been neglected in the study of international relations (Johnston 1994, 4). But we must also take care that the voice of Christian faith, love, and hope be heard. However, we must be loyal to our brothers throughout the world in this matter, as in any service rendered in the cause of peace. (Note that not all work done by Christians is church work.) Eduard Bene (1884-1948), foreign minister of Czechoslovakia (1918-1935), premier (1921-1922), president (1935-1938; 1945-1948). To elucidate the aims of the fourth point I propose to discuss this point in greater detail. People with unshakable faith in progress, believing that the world was on the road to Paradise, suddenly found themselves plunged into the darkest hell of hatred and duplicity. It is, therefore, only by the support of a movement like this that the idea of peace can be made fruitful. 6. No result of the Stockholm meeting has been more obvious and noteworthy than the realization that, according to the Gospel, God must be first in peoples hearts and must thus also rule over the people, over groups in society, and over the nations themselves. In this instance, the soul is the love and justice of the Gospel, not the demon of selfishness. 39. Through unity and cooperation, the Evangelical Church, too, can become a world power. Church leaders have a duty promote unity toin the multiethnic churches. 24. Together with the Christians in all nations at war, we are deeply aware of the incompatibility between war and the spirit of Christ, and we would, therefore, like to stress some main points regarding the part to be played by Christians in community life. One need not be the pope, nor a member of the Ecumenical Council, nor hold any office or distinguished position in the church for his voice to be heard even more widely than the voice of any authority if at a given moment he has the calling and ability to express what conscience and truth demand. June 20, 2023 7:47 AM PT. While our entire civilization is rocking and darkness is spreading over its future, it would be more dangerous than ever to alter its foundations, even though they are imperfect and in need of improvement. Why should this doctrine not be inculcated as early and as generally as are the other Christian doctrines? For the first time in the history of the church, the greater part of Christendom has been united in a common undertaking: the Social-Ethical Institute, for many years now active in Geneva. Above the entrance to the hall where the Assembly of the League of Nations has up to now held its meetings, we can read the words: Salle de la Rformation. Hermann Paul Kapler (1867-1941), German jurist and theologian; delegate to the Stockholm Conference (1925). Herbert Hoover (1874-1965), president of the United States (1929-1933). It was here that Sderblom made his proposal for the international ecumenical conference which was eventually held in Stockholm, 1925. I have also had the privilege of talking to and hearing the opinions of many a statesman in connection with this question. Koinonia ton Ekklesion (literally, League of Churches) is a famous Encyclical issued from Constantinople unto all the Churches of Christ wherever they be asking for understanding and cooperation among all Christian churches of both East and West. Jesus said: Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesars; and unto God the things that are Gods.18 St.Paul wrote: Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. Impatient minds may perhaps find such a concept hopeless, pessimistic, and old-fashioned. The third point relates more closely to the present situation. The meeting in Lausaune of August, 1927, was the first world conference on Faith and Order. I don't mean when you get a raise at work, move to a nicer area or get a new car. This was proposed at the first meeting of the League of Nations Assembly after consultations between their two governments and Denmarks. If so, an essential gain will have been achieved for the holy. What? They were called by God, and they spoke on behalf of God. Will the church be more united, and so better equipped to fulfill its duty toward peace? Without exception, all these men appreciated the weight and importance of this matter. spirituality and church structures as an additional resource from which to draw. The Lord loves to encourage and minister to His people as they seek to worship Him. Filled with anguish, we asked ourselves whether the church, which had been called the Prince of Peace, had fulfilled its duty. The church should represent the waking conscience of mankind. The framework of law has only a limited value in itself since it must be fitted with inner moral convictions for it to be effective. Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1948), governor of New York (1907-1910), secretary of state (1921-1925), chiefjustice of U. S. Supreme Court (1930-1941). Saint Francis of Assisi (c. 1182 -1226), Italian founder of the Franciscan Order. It is still weak like the Infant in Bethlehems manger and Him threatened by Herods assassins. For it is from within, from the hearts of men, that their evil thoughts arise. If peace is to become a reality on our earth, it must be founded in the hearts of the people. The . The outcome of the meeting in December, 1917, was a declaration of faith in brotherhood, justice, and peace. God is eternal with no beginning or end. He has won respect for his opinions through his strong religious convictions and his indefatigable evangelical service. Those who assembled were in fact Evangelical churchmen, most of them servants of the much decried peoples churches and the so-called state churches. The Role of the Church in Promoting Reconciliation in Post-TRC South Africa by Hugo van der Merwe In Chapman, A. (b) Christians should realize that they are partly responsible for public opinion and should serve love and truth in public, national, and international life, as well as in their personal relations. Promoting human rights. A more positive approach is conveyed by Dr Farid Essack, a Muslim theologian, " Valdemar Ammundsen (1875-1936), bishop of Haderslev, Denmark (I923 -1936). Binding treaties between nations who are committed to conciliation or arbitration when disputes arise rather than to war represent the foundations of a larger edifice of the rule of law. 29. The end came just before Advent. Peace and Conflict Studies Volume 19 Number 1 Article 4 5-2012 Faith-Based Peacebuilding: A Case Study of the National Council of Churches of Kenya . Bishop Lnegren from Sweden acted as vice-chairman. Forsake it in its fatal hour? Hans Luther (1879-1962), German statesman, finance minister (1923-1924), chancellor (1925-1926), German representative at Locarno. When we pray in the Spirit, we edify ourselves. The Neutral Church Conference held in December of 1917, with about 35 participants from the countries named. Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg welcomed President Jakov Milatovi to NATO Headquarters on Thursday (22 June 2023), thanking him for Montenegro's "many contributions to our shared security". 28. The Vatican on Tuesday released the synthesis of a two-year consultation process, publishing a working . The Role of the Church in Promoting Peace It is my belief that "leaving ourselves in peace" with our self-conceit and evil passions does not lead to real peace. THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH IN THE PROMOTION OF PEACE AND RECONCILIATION IN AFRICA. Bishop Bernt Stylen attended and reached our very hearts when speaking in Uppsala Cathedral. To cite this section . The mission also proved to be a harbinger and an implement of peace. The Uppsala meeting in December, 1917, was intended to be only a preparation. The preliminaries for the Ecumenical Conference were initiated by this World Alliance for International Friendship whose devoted secretary-general, Lord Dickinson41, of London, is dedicating his life to its cause. It was the present Archbishop of Canterbury36 who expressed the principle of our peace work during the war: God can never be an Ally, only the Supreme Lord., Bishop Woods, who has been the deputy for Canterbury since 1920, continues the great tradition of social concern connected with such Anglican names as Maurice, Kingsley, Westcott, Lightfoot, Scott Holland, and Gore37. Their work and discoveries range from paleogenomics and click chemistry to documenting war crimes. One of the bases of Christianity is the doctrine of our fraternity in Christ. Joseph in the Old Testament provides a paradigm for peace, reconciliation and healing the wounds in the history of a society. Time goes by. This paper illustrates a few varieties of this power through case studies which examine the role of religious leaders in promoting peaceful elections, the way inter-faith dialogue enhances civic duties and fosters peace by bolstering values of justice, forgiveness and cooperation, and the State's active use of religion to promote domestic agenda. All these played a part in the creation of the General Act45, whose three chapters on conciliation, judicial settlement of disputes, and arbitration, along with a fourth chapter on provisions, build up to an impressive climax. The Conference was a triumph for Sderblom. Kaspar Kristian Piene (1868-1949), secretary-general of the Norwegian Student Christian Federation (1903-1929). The Social-Ethical Institute has a scientific task. Adolph von Harnack (1851-1930), German Protestant theologian. Mankind realized that the whole world had to find a new direction. Similarly, I am interested in exploring ways that . Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2023. We participate heart and soul in the holy task, initiated by the Protestant Episcopal church in America, of establishing faith and order, fraternal consultation, concord, and, as far as possible, unity in creed and church statutes. Tom Garrigue Masaryk (1850-1937), Czechoslovak philosopher and first president of Czechoslovakia (1919-1935). The Universal Christian Conference on Life and Work met in Stockholm from August 19 to August 30, 1925, with over 600 delegates from 37 nations in attendance. The conference was held quietly in Uppsala6. 37. Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize. However, Christians should not wait for full agreement before they start practicing the duty of love imposed by the Master. It was to be held in Oslo. With aching hearts, losses in their families, and destitution in their nations, and with understandable distrust evoked by opposition and falsehood, they still joined together in saying Our Father and Forgive us our trespasses, and in brotherly consultation. " Solidarity is a hand-in-hand encounter on the journey of justice and peace," she said. I could hardly believe my eyes. The Christian mission is by its very nature supranational, a spiritual entity that addresses people as human beings and not as speakers of given languages and members of given races and nationalities. It may seem unwarranted to talk about such matters here in the North where, on the basis of the past hundred years or so, we can hardly imagine a conflict among ourselves. A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES TO THE INSTITUTE OF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI NOVEMBER 2014 ii I would like to quote now the three main points of the proclamation issued at the Uppsala meeting in December, 1917. The Ecumenical Council officially or semiofficially represents the larger part of Christendom; that is to say, two of the main divisions of the Holy Catholic (General) and Apostolic Church: the Greek and Russian Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Evangelical Western Church which, even in its creed, confesses to believing in and thus belonging to The Holy (General) Catholic Church. Resuming our survey from East to West, we come now to the British section comprising the ecumenically minded Christianity in Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Commonwealth, and in the Anglican church in all parts of the world, even outside the British Empire. Nils Samuel Stadener (1872-1937), bishop of Strngns (1928-1932), bishop of Vxj (1932-1937). Joseph Barber Lightfoot (1828-1889), friend and faculty colleague of Westcott at Cambridge; bishop of Durham (1879-1889). Charles Core (1853-1932), Christian Socialist; bishop successively of Worcester (1901-1905), Birmingham (1905-1911), and Oxford (1911-1919); interested in Workers Educational Association. Other Norwegian representatives were the present Bishop Eivind Berggrav, Dean C. Hansteen, Secretary General Piene, and the present Parson Thvedt8.
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