Both before and during the German occupation starting 25 June, the anti-Communists, encouraged by the anti-Semitic leadership of the Berlin-based Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF), began to attack Jews, blaming them for the Soviet repressions, especially along Jurbarko and Kriiukaiio streets. It has a very beautiful large castle standing on a cliff of the Nemunas River. Jewish life in Kaunas was first disrupted when the Soviet Union occupied Lithuania in June 1940. Vileiis maintained many contacts in other European cities, and as a result, Kaunas was an active participant in European urban life. On 1 November 1987, a non-sanctioned rally took place near the Kaunas Cathedral Basilica, where people gathered to mark famous Lithuanian poet Maironis' 125th-birthday anniversary. It was considerably modernized by Antanas Gustaitis and started to build Lithuanian ANBO military aircraft. [59] Jews made up much of the city's commercial, artisan, and professional sectors. Zwartendijk agreed to help them and Jews who had fled from German-occupied Poland also sought his assistance. [151] During the interwar period, the Kaunas Mint was reestablished in 1936 and produced coins of the Republic of Lithuania. [194] The new Mercedes-Benz minibuses were introduced on 2 September 2019. lovs savait: kaip lietuviai laimjo hibridin kar prie Kremli Lietuvos urnalist draugija", "1941 met Jonins. Nemuno iedas is the only in Lithuania motor racing circuit, situated in Kaergin, a small town near Kaunas. It passed some important laws, particularly on land reform, on the national currency, and adopted a new constitution. New residential areas were built (e.g. It's a great place to live, for anyone, but mostly for young adults and students - it's filled with universities and parks, and it's cheap. . [80][81] About 5,000 occupants were killed in Lithuania. [20], In 1408 Vytautas the Great granted Kaunas the city rights and himself chose the coat of arms of Kaunas with aurochs.[21]. This weekend in Kaunas - a historic basketball celebration for the country and the official EuroLeague FanZone open to all. 3. It is the most important road connection between the Baltic states. ", "Lithuania and the Soviet Union 19391940: the Fateful Year", "imtmeio belaukiant: Reikmingiausi Pirmosios Lietuvos Respublikos (19181940 m.) vykiai", "Kaip raudonarmieiai eng Lietuv: apverktinai atrod kariai ir lygiame kelyje ged tankai", Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute, "Lietuvos kariuomens naikinimas (1940 m. birelio 15 d.1941 m.)", "Lemtingi metai generolo Ratikio dienoraiuose", "Lietuvos okupacija (1940 m. birelio 15 d.)", "Kuo reikmingas 1941 m. birelio 2228 d. There are at least seven professional theatres, many amateur theatres, ensembles and abundant groups of art and sports. Laisves aleja (Liberty Boulevard) 446. In strict conspiracy, Catholic priest Sigitas Tamkeviius (now the Archbishop Metropolitan of Kaunas) implemented this idea and its first issue was published in the Alytus district on 19 March 1972. The controlled (passports had imprints) and falsified elections to the People's Seimas were won by the Lithuanian Labour People's Union, which obeyed the occupiers' proposal to "ask" the Soviet authorities to have Lithuania admitted to the Soviet Union. In a few days, with the help of aides, Zwartendijk produced over 2,200 visas for Jews to Curaao. It has been repeatedly discontinued and reopened, so the most current status is unclear. The first parochial school in Kaunas was mentioned in 1473. [66] President Antanas Smetona categorically declined to accept most of the ultimatum's demands, argued for military resistance and was supported by Kazys Musteikis, Konstantinas akenis, Kazimieras Jokantas, however the Commander of the Armed Forces Vincas Vitkauskas, Divisional General Stasys Ratikis, Kazys Bizauskas, Antanas Merkys and most of the Lithuanian government members decided that it would be impossible, especially the previously-stationed Soviet soldiers, and accepted the ultimatum. [160], The Lithuanian Central Credit Unionnational cooperative federation for credit unions established in 2001, is located in Kaunas. It was quirky, bohemian, historical and somewhere unlike anywhere else! [186][bettersourceneeded], The public transportation system is managed by Kauno vieasis transportas (KVT). Cope Go next Kaunas is the second-largest city in Lithuania, with a population of some 288,000 people. which is the largest direct investment from a foreign country. residential house of Ragutis factory, built in 1925[137]). The arena is used to host sports games as well as concerts. Though the majority of modernist architects had left the country, Kaunas could still count on the expertise of a sufficient number of specialists who had remained and, most importantly, on a . The "Margasmilt" company currently has been working on a project that concerns exploitation of Pagiriai anhydrite deposit. uolynas Sports Center Complex, 2003), G. Jureviius (e.g. 1944, EuroLeague champions in 1999). Kaunas . and signatures. The construction of the Kaunas Railway Tunnel and Railway Bridge across the Nemunas river helped move goods from the eastern part of Russian Empire west to the German Empire and Kaunas grew rapidly in the second part of the 19th century. lovs savait: kaip lietuviai laimjo hibridin kar prie Kremli", "1941 m. sukilimas ir nepriklausomybs viltys", "The History of Lithuania's National Anthem", "Kodl J. Brazaiio perlaidojimo ceremonija sukl tiek aistr? Due to its geographical position, today, Kaunas is Lithuania's most important center of . [169], Kaunas is also known for its programmers, as they developed a software for the American billionaire Robert Pera's Ubiquiti Networks product NanoStation, therefore the company established a R&D division Ubiquiti Networks Europe in Kaunas. The commander of the Red Army's 188th Rifle Division colonel Piotr Ivanov reported to the 11th Army Staff that during the retreat of his division through Kaunas "local counterrevolutionaries from the shelters deliberately fired on the Red Army, the detachments suffering heavy losses of soldiers and military equipment". Kaunas (Lithuania) Distances from Kaunas to the most important cities in Lithuania and the world. A water and waste water system, costing more than 15 million Lithuanian litas, was put in place, the city expanded from 18 to 40 square kilometres (6.9 to 15.4sqmi), more than 2,500 buildings were built, plus three modern bridges over the Neris and Nemunas rivers. On 9 October 1988, the Flag of Lithuania was raised above the tower of the Military Museum. The arena, which aside from sports also hosts concerts, was built in time for the European Basketball Championship of 2011 and hosted the tournament's knockout stage. Lithuanians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts and speak Lithuanian, one of only a few living Baltic languages . 1920), LFLS Kaunas baseball club (est. Kaunas County Klaipeda County Marijampole County Panevezys County Siauliai County Taurage County Telsiai County Utena County Vilnius County Lithuania Postal Code Since 2005, Lithuanian postal codes have been 5 digit numeric, with an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 prefix authorised, and the format is LT-NNNNN. Kaunas boasts some beautiful architecture, kooky museums, and historically important sites, making any trip worthwhile. [191], In 2015, Kauno autobusai bought four Van Hool AGG300 to serve the mostly populated 37th route. According to the Russian census of 1897, Jews numbered 25,500, 35.3% of the total of 73,500. [181], The council is the member of the Association of Local Authorities in Lithuania.[182]. It lies at the head of navigation on the Neman (Lithuanian Nemunas) River, there joined by the tributary Viliya (Lithuanian Neris) River. [48], After Vilnius was occupied by the Red Army in 1919, the Government of the Republic of Lithuania established its main base in Kaunas during the Lithuanian Wars of Independence. [202], In July 1938 Kaunas, together with Klaipda (where sailing and rowing competitions were held), hosted the Lithuanian National Olympiad that gathered the Lithuanian athletes from all around the world. [147] In addition, Kaunas is home to Kaunas Zoo, the only state-operated zoo in all of Lithuania.[148]. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished. The units were bombed by the Luftwaffe and did not reach the city. Brilliant large shopping centre. The Provisional Government hoped that Nazi Germany would re-establish Lithuanian independence or at least allow some degree of autonomy (similar to the Slovak Republic), was seeking the protection of its citizens and did not support the Nazis' Holocaust policy. Kaunas is home to some historic venues such as: the main stadium of the cityDarius and Girnas Stadium (total capacity after renovation 15,315), which is also the home stadium for soccer clubs from Kaunas and the Lithuanian national football team established in 1923, and Kaunas Sports Hall, completed in 1939 for the Third European Basketball Championship. Days 1 - 3: Tallinn; Days 4 - 5: Saaremaa; Days 6 - 7: Tartu; . Find out what students really think about the Kaunas University of Technology and get more information for free at EDUopinions today. Jews were concentrated in the city's commercial, artisan, and professional sectors. By Leitmeyer. [44], After the unsuccessful January Uprising in 1863 against the Russian Empire, the tsarist authority moved the Catholic Seminary of Varniai, prominent bishop Motiejus Valanius and Samogitian diocese institutions to Kaunas, where they were given the former Bernardine Monastery Palace and St. George the Martyr Church. algiris is considered as one of Europe's strongest basketball clubs and plays in the EuroLeague. algiris Arena, 2001), G. JanulytBernotien (e.g. Of these deaths, over 30,000 were Jews. ", "1941 met Jonins. Laisves Alley Freedom Alley - built in the 19th century. [57] Central Kaunas is defined by two pedestrian streets: the 1.6 km long Laisvs alja (Liberty Avenue), a central street of the city, lined by linden trees and decorated with flower beds. [75][76] Vladimir Dekanozov, a Soviet emissary from Moscow, gained effective power in Lithuania. The young Lithuanian state enthusiastically pledges to contribute to the organization of Europe on a new basis in front of the whole world innocent conscience. Admission rules for 2023 intake can be found here. It is the largest and most modern bus station in Lithuania. It was the first coordinated LithuanianGerman action. 1922), Granitas Kaunas (handball club, EHF Cup champions in 1987), algiris basketball club (est. [79], Multiple Red Army divisions stationed around Kaunas, including the brutal 1st Motor Rifle Division NKVD responsible for the June deportation, and the puppet Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic regime commanders were forced to flee into the Latvian SSR through the Daugava River. so you can have a leisurely stroll and enjoy the view of restaurants, bars, shops and the architecture of Kaunas. [28] Consequently, the Kaunas Castle had a strategic importance as it prevented the Crusaders from intruding deeper into Lithuania and capital Vilnius. Later, after the capital, Vilnius, had been annexed by the Second Polish Republic, Kaunas became the temporary capital of Lithuania. Faculty of Medicine at Vytautas Magnus University, built in 1933, now belongs to the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences,[138] Vytautas the Great War Museum and M. K. iurlionis National Art Museum, built in 1936[139]), while Modernism and national style intertwined in the Kaunas Central Post Office (architect F. Vizbaras), built in 1932,[140] Kaunas Garrison Officers' Club Building (architect S. Kudokas and others), built in 1937. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and is near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water in the whole of Lithuania. Kauno miesto savivaldyb; Kauno miesto eldyn sistemos formavimas", "Santakos Park in Kaunas, Lithuania, Secured by TLC Fencing During Pope Francis' Visit", "ie rmai Kaune stulbina prabanga nort pamatyti kiekvienas", UK Trade&Investment. [215] Now the Kaunas County Public Library holds more than 2.2 million volumes in its collection and functions as a depository library of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. [69] Stasys Ratikis, persuaded by his wife, secretly crossed the German border. Also, we do like go with Erasmus, to improve our language and more interesting global learning about . [103] From the very start of the Lithuanian partisans war, the most important partisan districts were based around Kaunas. The first phase of the Standard gauge Rail Baltica railway section from etokai to Kaunas was completed in 2015. A LED lighting assembly plant was opened in Kaunas by South Korean company LK Technology in February 2011. Kaunas also has a greater coat of arms, which is mainly used for purposes of Kaunas city representation. stops.lt doesn't tell what I want. The aurochs was the original heraldic symbol of the city, established in 1400. [152], Kaunas is a large center of industry, trade, and services in Lithuania. Other historical, cultural features of Kaunas include: Kaunas is often called a city of museums, because of the abundance and variety of them. [197], Kaunas public transport has a mobile app iogas (English: Grasshopper) which allow to purchase and activate digital tickets using a smartphone. [59] It was also an important Zionist centre. A hill fort mound in Kaunas is named Napoleon's Hill. Kaunas Symphony Orchestra is the main venue for classical music concerts. . After World War II Kaunas became the main industrial city of Lithuania; it produced about a quarter of Lithuania's industrial output. Faculty of Light Industry at Kaunas University of Technology, 1983). [64] Despite regaining the beloved historical capital, the Presidency and the Government remained in Kaunas. Kaunas is divided into the following elderships: Kaunas has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb) with an average annual temperature of approximately 7C (45F). [136] The construction permits resulted in more than 10.000 buildings being built in the city and the area of Kaunas expanded 7,1 times during the interwar period. [84], In the first issue of the daily laisv (Towards Freedom) newspaper, the Independence Restoration Declaration was published, which had been previously announced on the radio. It was the country's capital between the two world wars. After the unsuccessful coup attempt in June 1934, Voldemaras was imprisoned for four years and received an amnesty on condition that he leave the country. Currently, Kaunas Public Logistics Centre is being built by the demand of national state-owned railway company Lithuanian Railways. [74][78] After realizing the reality of the repressive and brutal Soviet rule, in the early morning of 22 June 1941 (the first day when the Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union), Lithuanians began the June Uprising, which was organized by the Lithuanian Activist Front, in Kaunas, where its main forces were concentrated. Official Name: Lietuvos Respublika short form: Lietuva int'l long form: Republic of Lithuania int'l short form: Lithuania ISO Country Code: lt, LTU Time: Local Time = UTC +2h Actual Time: Mon-June-26 15:16 Country Calling Code: +370 Capital City: Vilnius (pop. [60], Initially prior to World War II, Lithuania declared neutrality. Currently, Kaunas is often referred to as a city of students; there are about 50,000 students enrolled in its universities. Such a form, although not having anything against individuals, is unacceptable to the Germans. Kaunas began to gain prominence, since it was at an intersection of trade routes and a river port. For centuries it has been smaller than Vilnius, but only a bit, therefore Vilnius vs. Kaunas rivalry is felt everywhere from basketball matches to internet forums. In 1941, tens of thousands of Jews were locked up in the country's ghettos.
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