Biological Research, formerly Archives of Experimental Medicine and Biology, was founded in 1964 and transferred to BioMed Central in 2014. Correction to this article has been published in [43] Cell membranes are involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, storing electrical energy, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures such as a cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton. Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Each line drawn on the time axis of a tree represents a lineage of descendants of a particular species or population. An image of a cartoon face with an open mouth grin. Furthermore, since the action of any organism is determined by the manner in which its cells interact and since all cells interact in much the same way, the basic functioning of all organisms is also similar. The development of reliable, effective biological weapons requires an intense and resource-demanding research programme that must, step by step, solve increasingly complex problems: the procurement of virulent strains of suitable agents, the mass production of the agents without loss of pathogenicity, and the development of an effective means . Scientists and clinicians use databases that organize and index such . Peer-review is the system used to assess the quality of a manuscript before it is published. ): Basic science also benefits the U.S. economy by providing jobs and helping launch new companies. Biologists have sought to study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. After it has uncoiled and duplicated, it is pulled to the separate poles of the bacterium as it increases the size to prepare for splitting. An image of a cartoon face with an open mouth grin. The chromosome theory of inheritance, which states that genes are found on chromosomes, was supported by Thomas Morgans's experiments with fruit flies, which established the sex linkage between eye color and sex in these insects. The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. [66], Gene expression is the molecular process by which a genotype encoded in DNA gives rise to an observable phenotype in the proteins of an organism's body. In addition, relations and cooperation with similar domestic and foreign institutions are stimulated, and communication by all appropriate means of biological research carried out in Chile. Biomarkers can serve as early warning systems for your health. The modern tendency toward cross-disciplinary research and the unification of scientific knowledge and investigation from different fields has resulted in significant overlap of the field of biology with other scientific disciplines. statement and This strong record of earning sciences top honor shows that NIGMS-funded basic science is of great value to humanity. [137] Because viruses possess some but not all characteristics of life, they have been described as "organisms at the edge of life",[138] and as self-replicators. [84] Darwin inferred that individuals who possessed heritable traits better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and produce more offspring than other individuals. Scientists don't quite know what to make of it", "Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses", "Are viruses alive? Utilizing new research technologies might improve diagnostics and therapies for the treatment of human diseases. The feelings represent how you feel about your experience today. Moreover, carbon can form very long chains of interconnecting carboncarbon bonds such as octane or ring-like structures such as glucose. [31] This unique property of water allows ice to float above liquid water such as ponds, lakes, and oceans, thereby insulating the liquid below from the cold air above. Why do only some infect us? Satellite cell function and maintenance are regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic mechanism Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induces increased release of extracellular vesicles in the heart and exacerbates myocardial IR injury. For example, high levels of lead in the bloodstream may indicate a need to test for nervous system and cognitive disorders, especially in . These effects may be short-term, like pollination and predation, or long-term; both often strongly influence the evolution of the species involved. An electronic archive of articles published between 1999 and 2013 can be found in the SciELO database. New tools and products developed by. The journal publishes articles spanning a diverse range of fields that contribute to the biological, sociological, ethical and economic dimensions of conservation. Green algae comprise three major clades: chlorophytes, coleochaetophytes, and stoneworts. [74][75] In positive regulation of gene expression, the activator is the transcription factor that stimulates transcription when it binds to the sequence near or at the promoter. [47] Each pyruvate is then oxidized into acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which also generates NADH and carbon dioxide. Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very different shapes, such as the flat and square cells of Haloquadratum walsbyi. [31] Surface tension results from the cohesive force due to the attraction between molecules at the surface of the liquid. The biological tube is a basal biology structure distributed in all multicellular animals, from worms to humans, and has diverse biological functions. Finally, hormones are ligands that travel through the circulatory systems of animals or vascular systems of plants to reach their target cells. NMR spectrometer. [107] Microorganisms are thought to have paved the way for the inception of land plants in the Ordovician period. More recently his research has centered on studying the role of peroxisomes in Alzheimers disease, and he also works in the field of bioethics. Topsoil and subsoil bacterial community assembliesacross different drainage conditions in a mountain environment, Functional defects in hiPSCs-derived cardiomyocytes from patients with a PLEKHM2-mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction, ABCA1 transporter promotes the motility of human melanoma cells by modulating their plasma membrane organization, Acupuncture regulates the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in polycystic ovarian syndrome-related abnormal follicular development through LncMEG3-mediated inhibition of miR-21-3p, Cholic and deoxycholic acids induce mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired biogenesis and autophagic flux in skeletal muscle cells, iPSCs ameliorate hypoxia-induced autophagy and atrophy in C2C12 myotubes via the AMPK/ULK1 pathway, Ursodeoxycholic acid induces sarcopenia associated with decreased protein synthesis and autophagic flux, Neuroprotective effects of the PPAR/ antagonist GSK0660 in in vitro and in vivo Parkinsons disease models, Electroacupuncture inhibits dendritic spine remodeling through the srGAP3-Rac1 signaling pathway in rats with SNL, Activation of a hypothalamus-habenula circuit by mechanical stimulation inhibits cocaine addiction-like behaviors, Correction: Disseminated intravascular coagulation phenotype is regulated by the TRPM7 channel during sepsis, Maintenance of chronicity signatures in fibroblasts isolated from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa chronic wound dressings under culture conditions, Conformational characterization of the mammalian-expressed SARS-CoV-2 recombinant receptor binding domain, a COVID-19 vaccine, NEDD4-1 deficiency impairs satellite cell function during skeletal muscle regeneration, Propofol inhibits myocardial injury induced by microvesicles derived from hypoxia-reoxygenated endothelial cells via lncCCT4-2/CCT4 signaling, In situ isolation of nuclei or nuclear proteins from adherent cells: a simple, effective method with less cytoplasmic contamination, Spontaneous spheroids from alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells maintain pluripotency of stem cells by regulating hypoxia-inducible factors, Enrichment of miR-17-5p enhances the protective effects of EPC-EXs on vascular and skeletal muscle injury in a diabetic hind limb ischemia model, Spleen regeneration after subcutaneous heterotopic autotransplantation in a mouse model, The CB1 cannabinoid receptor regulates autophagy in the tibialis anterior skeletal muscle in mice, Retraction Note: Salinity-induced changes inthe morphology andmajor mineral nutrient composition ofpurslane (, The pattern of alternative splicing and DNA methylation alteration and their interaction in linseed (, Prospective insight into the role of benzyl propylene glycoside as a modulator of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the management of nonalcoholic fatty pancreas animal model, DYRK1-mediated phosphorylation of endocytic components is required for extracellular lumen expansion in ascidian notochord, DNA methylation analysis identifies key transcription factors involved in mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation, Disseminated intravascular coagulation phenotype is regulated by the TRPM7 channel during sepsis, DNA sequencing in the classroom: complete genome sequence of two earwig (Dermaptera; Insecta) species, Alphakinase1 promotes tubular injury and interstitial inflammation in diabetic nephropathy by canonical pyroptosis pathway, Ubiquitin protein E3 ligase ASB9 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human spermatogonial stem cell line by inducing HIF1AN degradation, Synergistic effects of dendrosomal nanocurcumin and oxaliplatin on oncogenic properties of ovarian cancer cell lines by down-expression of MMPs, Cisplatin-induced azoospermia and testicular damage ameliorated by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Cell cycle related long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of breast cancer progression and metastasis, Sperm DNA integrity does play a crucial role for embryo development after ICSI, notably when good-quality oocytes from young donors are used, Auricular cartilage regeneration using different types of mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits, Inflammation context in Alzheimers disease, a relationship intricate to define, Protocol paper: kainic acid excitotoxicity-induced spinal cord injury paraplegia in SpragueDawley rats, Dynamic circadian fluctuations of glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Correction: Acupuncture attenuates comorbid anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of atopic dermatitis through modulating neuroadaptation in the brain reward circuit in mice, Extracellular signals regulate the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles, Oocyte quality assessment in marine invertebrates: a novel approach by fluorescence spectroscopy, Utility of melatonin in mitigating ionizing radiation-induced testis injury through synergistic interdependence of its biological properties, The production of the first functional antibody mimetic in higher plants: the chloroplast makes the DARPin G3 for HER2 imaging in oncology, Genetically modified organisms: adapting regulatory frameworks for evolving genome editing technologies, Immature rat testis sustained long-term development using an integrative model, Melanoma stem cells promote metastasis via exosomal miR-1268a inactivation of autophagy, Acupuncture attenuates comorbid anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of atopic dermatitis through modulating neuroadaptation in the brain reward circuit in mice, Structure and character analysis of cotton, Sign up for article alerts and news from this journal. 55:36. [31] Water is also adhesive as it is able to adhere to the surface of any polar or charged non-water molecules. [90] All organisms can be classified as belonging to one of three domains: Archaea (originally Archaebacteria); bacteria (originally eubacteria), or eukarya (includes the protist, fungi, plant, and animal kingdoms). [168][169] Biodiversity affects the functioning of ecosystems, which provide a variety of services upon which people depend. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Making carbon-carbon bonds: Carbon-based chemistry is the foundation of life. You can also access all articles published by BioMed Central on SpringerLink. Some may be highlighted on Biological Researchs pages and on the BMChomepage. However, Robert Remak and Rudolf Virchow were able to reify the third tenet, and by the 1860s most biologists accepted all three tenets which consolidated into cell theory. During recovery, when oxygen becomes available, NAD+ attaches to hydrogen from lactate to form ATP. The following are just a few of the many success stories of the translation of basic science into practical applications.
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