2000. Hardesty, Amber, and James W. Westerman. Subsequently, we develop hypotheses for the interrelationships between the four constructs included in the network. Following a first brief section that describes the main features of cultural autonomy (see also Chapter 8), the chapter will focus on two important identity markers of minority groups to show how these have formed the basis for a number of NTA arrangements. In that sense, they represent a comparatively advanced form of linguistic NTA both in legal and implementation terms. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiousness: The Empirical Research. 2019. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without Religious SocializationTwo items measure the exposure to religious socialization as a child. In the following sections we analyze the measurement models methodological requirements and, subsequently, we analyze the relationships among constructs in the structural model. They often tend to be constituted however only by a part of the communities they represent (for instance primarily Sunni male-dominated segments of these groups). What advantages/risks do you see? It covers an area of 19,946 square kilometres (7,701 sq . PERSONAL AUTONOMY IN RELIGION AND MARRIAGE; IS THERE A LINK? https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31609-8_9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31609-8_9, eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). Established as a result of a bottom-up process initiated by Muslim diasporic communities in Europe or as part of government sponsored initiatives, these bodies have been created to provide a channel of communication between Muslim minority groups and their respective states. Such a regime is "secular" in the sense that it is not overtly religious or sectarian. 2 As outlined in the introduction to this book, legal and political philosophers as well as courts appeal to religious autonomy and defend religious freedom on the. This is because they create the background against which the groups can shape their destiny and have a say in matters that affect them from the perspective of cultural heritage and protection of cultural difference. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Cultural autonomy has been developed by theorists in Europe from the nineteenth century onwards and has known a number of historical attempts at implementation in order to manage diversity in highly heterogeneous contexts. 2018. In practice, attitudes towards language use in Brussels mostly concern the adequate use of Flemish alongside French. Perceived Organizational Support. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Vilaa, Helena, and Maria Joo Oliveira. The trend is particularly obvious in public education in the UK, with a long-standing cooperation of the State with faith organizations (e.g. 2005. The number of monolingual minority schools is even more reduced: 12 Albanian, 8 Bosnian, 8 Hungarian, 4 Romanian and 4 Slovak. Home to a variety of architectural marvels (including Ksi, Poland third largest castle) Lower Silesia also boasts mountains, two national parks (Karkonosze and Sowie Mountains), many mountain resorts and the greatest number of health spas in Poland. Curvilinearity and Religious Types: A Second Look at Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Quest Relations. 2015. PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet. Redes de ajuda/apoio. nouns. Concerns related to teaching personnel and financial resources allocated to these schools persist (Viscek, 2018). Conceptualization, M.E.S. Religion as Prosocial: Agent or Double Agent? 1999. Research on individual differences in religion-related variables has often followed the intrinsic-extrinsic (I-E) paradigm of religious orientation, which was rooted in the work of. Hungarian Journal of Minority Studies, II, 85100. While these arrangements do not strictly fit into the framework of cultural NTA as devised by Bauer and Renner, especially as a number of religious minority schools are not recognized as corporations under public law, they nevertheless constitute responses to minority cultural claims and the quest for the protection of cultural diversity in contemporary terms. Igreja Catlica e Caridade em Portugal. The justices considered the case at four consecutive conferences before issuing an order on Monday that vacated the state court's ruling and sent the case back to the lower court for reconsideration in light of last summer's decision in Fulton v. 2014. To test the framework of personal stances on religion in the particular context of Portuguese Catholicism, we consider that: (1) perceptions of the Catholic Church may simultaneously include perceptions of support and perceptions of politics; and (2) perceptions of support are associated with an Adherence stance on religion, whereas perceptions of politics are associated with an Autonomy stance on religion. These are language and religion which are at the heart of the protection of minority identities. While this provision can be construed prima facie as a minority protection guarantee, in practice there are traces of a development of a system of Islamic foundations in Denmark that count among their aims the establishment/support of private schools (e.g. The Management of Linguistic Diversity Through Territorial and Non-Territorial Autonomy. 2020. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Walker, Alan G., James W. Smither, and Jason DeBode. Soares, M.E. Secondly, the databased used only allowed for testing the model with one religious traditionCatholicismand in very specific conditions, because the majority of the Portuguese population identifies as being Catholic (. Following a first brief section that describes the main features of cultural autonomy (see also Chapter 8), the chapter will focus on two important identity markers of minority groups to show how these have formed the basis for a number of NTA arrangements. 1: 63. At the same time, minority religious schoolsFootnote 5 are commonly singled-out as policy-related concerns connected to integration, social cohesion, citizenship, and the rights to religious freedom and education. Business, Professional, Labor, Political, and Similar Organizations Warehouse Clubs, Supercenters, and Other General Merchandise Retailers Clothing and Clothing Accessories Retailers Traveler Accommodation Rooming and Boarding Houses, Dormitories, and Workers' Camps Special Food Services Restaurants and Other Eating Places Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers Advertising . Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes. Academic writing on the place and status of religious tribunals in Western societies has focused upon the 'minorities within minorities' debate: the e Religious/Spiritual Struggles and Life Satisfaction among Young Roman Catholics: The Mediating Role of Gratitude. Toward Motivational Theories of Intrinsic Religious Commitment. 1976. 1986. Ringle, Christian M., Marko Sarstedt, and Detmar W. Straub. Religions. Moreover, New York added, the diocese didn't raise its religious autonomy claims in the lower courts. Lower percentages of participants identify as lower class (19.6%), upper middle class (4.0%) and upper class (0.7%). Lists. phrases. The authors declare that data needed to duplicate and replicate the findings in the paper will be made available upon request. 103 other terms for religious group- words and phrases with similar meaning. Non-Territorial Autonomy pp 185201Cite as. Minority Education in the Republic of SerbiaA Success Story with Challenges. The establishment of language areas within Belgium illustrates the attempt at balancing the principles of territoriality with personality. Such arrangements cover a wide range of culture-related activities and aims such as the construction of places of worship, the establishment of educational institutions, institutions related to the production/consumption of foods, organizations that cater to women, youth or the elderly among the minority group or, very characteristically, religious councils and/or tribunals that serve specific cultural communities in matters of dispute resolution. This result is relevant for the Catholic Church, because it provides insights on relevant predictors of participation in religious rituals, implying a maintenance and development of the relationship with the organization. In other religious contexts, the specific forms of religious transmission in childhood and participation in rites of passage or coming of age ceremonies need to be considered when crafting measures of religious socialization. Nimni, E. (2015). about religious autonomy in the United States, with special reference to the Jewish case. 1 (September, 1995) A link between personal autonomy in religion andfamily life is posited and demonstrated by Phillip Hammond (Religion and Personal Autonomy). If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. For marital status, more than half of the sample (57.2%) married in the Church, whereas 6.2% had a civil marriage. Religious Commitment and Expectations about Psychotherapy among Christian Clients. The Conceptual Challenge of Non-Territorial Autonomy. Disability, Spiritual Beliefs and the Church: The Experiences of Adults with Disabilities and Family Members. Ultimately, such arrangements cannot ignore the impact of population movements and new technologies that have increased the type and degrees of complexity of cultural diversity in our societies. This is particularly critical for the Catholic Church in the current context of societal decatholization in Portugal, with a decreasing level of both religious affiliation and religious commitment (. Theorizing Religious Socialization: A Critical Assessment. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. Hierarchical Latent Variable Models in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for Using Reflective-Formative Type Models. Intrinsic/Extrinsic Measurement: I/E-Revised and Single-Item Scales. 1983. Do mnus bblico de ajudar o outro sua indispensabilidade no sculo XXI. in religious conflicts makes conflict more likely to recur, but only in cases where the fundamental question at hand is the role of religion in government. Teixeira, Alfredo. They can be found in many European states such as Austria (Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in sterreich), Spain (Comision Islamica de Espaa), Italy (Consulta per lIslam in Italia), or Germany (Deutsche Islam Konferenz) to name a few examples. On the other hand, minority groups also wish to exercise some degree of control to prevent false intrusions. As importantly, due to population movements particularly within Western Europe, minority religious identities are more and more hybrid and policy (as well as legal) interventions are called upon to take account of the growing spread of such multiple hyphenated identities. A General Approach for Representing Constructs in Organizational Research. For Adherence, the results are in accordance with previous studies on the importance of social motivations in Catholic contexts (, As far as the Autonomy stance is concerned, the results on the importance of Perception of Church Politics are in accordance with studies concerning the rejection of the interference of the Catholic Church on matters related to individual freedom (, The results indicate that Religious Socialization has a significantly positive influence on the Adherence stance, which is in accordance with previous studies (, According to prediction, the Adherence stance is significatively and positively related to Religious Commitment, whereas the Autonomy stance is significantly and negatively related to Religious Commitment. This dynamic movement is particularly reflected in different patterns within public education (e.g. The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Socha, Pawel M. 1999. This is why, very often, cultural non-territorial autonomy is considered to be a supplement to territorial autonomy arrangements. The second is labelled Autonomy and corresponds to an option for autonomy from established religious views and norms. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): A Useful Tool for Family Business Researchers. Religion individualization of meaning and the social bond. Instead, it purports to evaluate the design, implementation and evolution of such arrangements between states and minority groups as applied in specific areas of minority culture. NTA arrangements in education, however, can lead to the separation of students according to language (but also religion). Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Religion and the Individual: A Social-Psychological Perspective, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, Croire en Suisse(s): Analyse des resultats de lenqute mene en 1988/1989 sur la Religion des Suisses, Les Deux Visages de la Religion: Fascination et Dsenchantement, Catechism of the Catholic Church: Revised in Accordance with the Official Latin Text Promulgated by Pope John Paul II, Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions, Religio em Portugal: Anlise Sociolgica, Religion in a Changing World: Comparative Studies in Sociology, Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates, Estudo sobre Liberdade e Religio em Portugal, Church and Religion in Contemporary Europe, A Igreja e a Cultura Contempornea em Portugal, 19502000, X Congresso Portugus de Sociologia na era da Ps-Verdade? Common examples of areas covered by cultural autonomy arrangements include education, media, as well as personal and family law in some cases.Footnote 1. Minority cultural autonomy bodies are either the result of state recognition enjoying public law status or based on informal co-decision arrangements between the state and non-state actors. Mockabee, Stephen T., Joseph Quin Monson, and J. Tobin Grant. Nimni, E. (2013). Given the, often, abstract conceptual understanding of NTA, the aim of this chapter is not to provide an analysis of the ideal type(s) of cultural autonomy arrangements in minority group contexts. The Experience of Workplace Politics. to different cliques and told about two different episodes in which the school did not allow sharing information about religious arrangements when the organizer was of a different denomination than RS1 . Comparative Nature of Revelation and Its Types from the Perspective of the Holy Quran and the Testaments. Overall, however, the potential of NTA arrangements in cultural matters represents today a challenge to a state-centric view of the world, particularly when accounting for new minorities that have been created as a result of migratory movements but also of historic minority groups that are characterized by mobility but still wish to put forward cultural claims to states (Nimni, 2013, 2). a formal religious ceremony conferring a specific grace on those who receive it; the two Protestant ceremonies are baptism and the Lord's Supper; in the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church there are seven traditional rites accepted as instituted by Jesus: baptism and confirmation and Holy Eucharist and penance and holy orders and matrimony . However, this arrangement later became the model for children in reformatories and industrial schools Footnote 4 (UK Government Citation 1857, Citation 1866a, . Analyzes and outlines the existing international standards for treatment of minorities and autonomy arrangements. sentences. The most common forms of cultural NTA concentrate on awarding a linguistic, cultural, or religious minority the possibility to form a legal entity with public law legislative status. According to Article 129 of the Belgian Constitution, combined with Article 30, linguistic communities in Belgium can regulate language in the areas of administration, education and the private sector, within each communitys borders. The role and support of the State can vary when responding to Muslim minorities claims to religious education: in some European countries, religious education can be funded either through grants or within the structure of the public education system, in itself. CLERMONT COUNTY, Ohio (WKRC) - Funeral arrangements have been announced for three boys murdered in Clermont County. 2020. Religious Autonomy. A Theory of Revelations. 1980. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. This explains in many instances legal and policy choices within public education as well as the strictly regulated legal framework of such schools. The first is labelled Adherence and corresponds to the usual conceptualizations of religiosity as a degree of adherence to aspects of a specific religion. Key words: Non-territorial autonomy, minority religions, Islamic tradition, millet system, accommodation. The intersectionality approach suggests that belonging to a religious minority cannot be dissociated from other features defining personal and groups' identities (e.g., culture, ethnic origin, gender, language) and that this distinctive quality marks the multiple forms of violations and cross-cutting discriminations of which religious minorities. Peterson, N. Andrew. In those scenarios, the state can opt for selective and strategic partnerships, as already mentioned, that are usually labelled as community cohesion initiatives. The second item is also an additive index and includes issues of religious socialization by the family, such as receiving a Catholic education and whether the father/mother went to Mass weekly/prayed when the respondent was a child. These kinds of arrangements are qualified as personal law. Obedience and Autonomy: Religion and Parental Values Reconsidered* CHRISTOPHER G. ELLISONt DARREN E. SHERKATt . words. Public Signage: Language, Ideology and Claims to Urban Space. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14010063, Soares ME, Teixeira A. The personal scope of cultural autonomy bodies extends to individuals that are members of the minority cultural group, regardless of their geographical location. Szczeniak, Magorzata, Grayna Bielecka, Iga Bajkowska, Anna Czaprowska, and Daria Madej. About one third of participants (31.5%) completed from nine to twelve years of education, and 17.6% proceeded to university studies, including studying for a bachelors degree, masters degree, or a PhD. In. For the purpose of this online tool, territorial autonomy (TA) is defined as asymmetrical or symmetrical self-government of a territorial entity within a state, which is characterized by substantial ethno-cultural and/or territorial diversity. The experiences of state endorsed cultural autonomy in Europe raise thus a number of issues: some arrangements that envisage self-governing entities performing public functions (e.g. This chapter elaborates on this idea of personal autonomy within the sphere of religion, it considered the problem of defining religion, it considered the relationship between the ideals of personal autonomy and religious autonomy, it considered the value of religious autonomy and it outlined how the law could affect religious autonomy. Francis, Leslie J. PerceptionsFour items measure Perceptions of Support and four items measure Perceptions of Politics. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. curriculum, admission policies, appointment of teaching staff, internal regulations, etc.). You are accessing a machine-readable page. Synonyms for Religious Organization (other words and phrases for Religious Organization). It is generally premised on an understanding of linguistic diversity as both a condition and an argument for political mobilisation (Arraiza, 2015, 12). A New Approach to Religious Commitment. These results indicate that both perceptions of Church support and perceptions of Church politics are promising variables for future research on religion-related variables. 2017. In cases where minority groups do not enjoy state recognition or public law status, cultural forms of NTA can also become bottom-up processes, aligning themselves closer to functional types of autonomy (see Chapter 8). Jonathan, L. (2012). Law on the Use of Languages spoken by 20% of the Population of the Republic of N. Macedonia and in the units of Local Self Government, Official Gazette 101/08. https://eif.univie.ac.at/downloads/workingpapers/IWE-Papers/WP22.pdf. Linguistic NTA and National Minority Councils in Serbia. Davidson, James D., and Dean D. Knudsen. BeliefsThree items measure Christian Beliefs, and three items measure Humanistic Beliefs. Gorsuch, Richard L. 1994. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Particularly in relation to the aim of cultural preservation, national cultural autonomy arrangements in addition may in some instances assume that minority communities are homogenous groups culturally speaking and impose as a result static representations of minority cultures while creating tensions between groups rights and individual rights of some of their members (e.g. 2001. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. Scientific papers rightly underline that, within the somewhat muddled multidisciplinary concept of NTA and at least from the legal point of view, it is necessary to dismantle it into relevant parts (Osipov, 2013).More precisely, it is necessary to examine various elements of non-territorial forms of autonomy, suggesting that the main issues in this respect should be institutional design, the . 2023; 14(1):63. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for This paper develops a framework for analyzing two personal stances on religionAdherence to Religion and Autonomy from Religion. This research was funded by FCTFundao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia (Portugal), national funding through research grant UIDB/0421/2020. 'So one polarity is the . 215239). The first-order measures that possess the highest influence are Relatedness Motivation for Adherence, and Perception of Church Politics for Autonomy. Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province, in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. Since its inception, cultural forms of NTA have extended beyond self-government arrangements to cover also informal co-decision arrangements between state and non-state actors, with the aim to manage diversity at all levels of government. Through the lens of these two important identity markers, the chapter will adopt a double objective: first, to outline the variety of cultural NTA arrangements and their limitations from a diversity governance perspective on the basis of language and religion and second, to highlight the link between cultural forms of NTA and minority agency. States may decide to award degrees of cultural autonomy, however, either because they perceive such groups to pose a threat to the survival of the state in general or because the state considers the vitality of such groups as relevant for political, ideological, or even historical factors. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2003. Batson, C. Daniel, Patricia Schoenrade, W. Larry Ventis, and C. Daniel Batson. Data collection was conducted in cooperation with, and under the approval of, the Portuguese Episcopal Conference. The public debate on religious arbitration often assumes that certain liberal autonomy-based arguments against state recognition of religious arbitrat Lists. Minority Schools in Greece as Autonomous Institutions (Thrace): https://www.world-autonomies.info/non-territorial-autonomies/greece. The main distinctiveness of the Adherence stance and the Autonomy stance with existing concepts in the literature arises from the conceptualization of these stances as higher-order constructs, including first-order constructs motivations, beliefs and perceptions, which are derived from the Organizational Behavior literature. A typical example in this case is India and its personal law system. The role of minority religious schools in a globalized context is of interest to NTA arrangements and autonomy more broadly, especially when state support is entailed. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Distinguishing minority rights entitlements from NTA arrangements based on language and religion is not, however, straightforward: proposed criteria focus on the emphasis of NTA on institutions as key elements (Malloy, 2015) and/or the degree of institutionalization of the diffusion of powers from the state to entities representing minority groups (Ibid.). Topidi, K. (2020). 2016. Quest: Constructive Search or Religious Conflict? 1 The State, through its law, regulates religion in the distribution of entitlements (in the form of liberties, rights, or privileges of . Language, as one of the salient identity markers of a group, has been historically present in several self-determination struggles in Europe and has been furthermore closely associated with European nationalism during the nineteenth century. 2019. 1989. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For this, we adopted variables from the Organizational Behavior literature. The Catholic Church, the largest Christian denomination, is an example of an organized religion. Introduction In the wake of ethnicity-based autonomy movements around the world, much. Neyrinck, Bart, Willy Lens, and Maarten Vansteenkiste. Stark, Rodney. Donahue, Michael J. Firstly, the number of indicators available in the database to measure each construct was very limited (three or four items per construct). 1988. This working definition derives from responses to three key questions. 2019. the separation of the state and religion) as the dominant trajectory to govern cultural diversity. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. In spite of these limitations, we are convinced that the study provides practical insights for the Roman Catholic Church in Portugal, particularly with regards the predictors of commitment to the organization and its activities. 2012. In. The first concerns socialization in the church and is an additive index, including the usual steps children follow in the Catholic Church, namely: Baptism, Catechism before First Communion, First Communion, Catechism after First Communion, Profession of Faith, and Confirmation. 2008. Maltby, John. Predictors of Religiosity Among Youth Aged 1722: A Longitudinal Study of the National Survey of Children. Webster, Jane, and Joseph J. Martocchio. Within such a framework, cultural councils have certain (limited) legislative or executive functions, comparable to those of regional or local governments. Editado por Michel Botbol. Kurtessis, James N., Robert Eisenberger, Michael T. Ford, Louis C. Buffardi, Kathleen A. Stewart, and Cory S. Adis. While some contend that ethnic autonomy is a potentially useful institutional arrangement for accommodating the demands of ethnic groups (usually minorities) within ethnically divided societies (McGarry and O'Leary 2009 ; Lijphart 1977 ; Levy 2007 ; Wolff 2010 ; Hechter 2000 ), others . If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. 2015. methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. through partial or full funding of their activities, the adoption of national curricula with discretion in certain areas, etc.) The following sections describe the literature review underlying the operationalization of each of these first-order measures. Barrow, Betsy Hughes, David C. Dollahite, and Loren D. Marks. Alderfer, Clayton P. 1969. NTA functional autonomy arrangements are common in education systems, especially where linguistic minorities are sufficiently concentrated to create minority language/minority religious schools (e.g. These school boards represent a form of educational self-management.
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