List of Major League Baseball career intentional bases on balls leaders. A batter who draws a base on balls is commonly said to have been "walked" by the pitcher. Join our linker program. Copyright 1999- Before the 1920 season, the catcher was allowed to set up anywhere within a roughly 14-by-20-foot (4.3 by 6.1m) right triangle behind home plate, the back line being 10 feet (3.0m) behind the plate. In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. Statistically, receiving an intentional base on balls does not count as an official at bat for a batter, but does count as a plate appearance and a base on balls. Baseball Almanac presents a base on balls and intentional bases on balls record books by Baseball Almanac. An intentional base-on-balls is an officially recognized statistic (since 1955) that counts the number of times a batter reaches first base after accepting four intentionally wide pitches outside the strike zone. Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. These games range the best talent of each major league against the other. These batters are also ranked by the ratio of IBB to total plate appearances. #Intentionalbaseonballs #audioversity~~~ Intentional base on balls ~~~Title: What is Intentional base on balls?, Explain Intentional base on ballsCreated on:. This was the result of the team's analysis showing that any short-term advantage gained by issuing a free pass was more than negated by the extra baserunner and the additional plate appearances to opposition batters in almost all situations. We present them here for purely educational purposes. This distinction was not normally important, but on rare occasions the pitcher would accidentally throw a hittable pitch that the batter swung at, or a wild pitch. An intentional ball is counted as a ball in the count of the pitcher's balls and strikes thrown. Ruth was also called out once for stepping out of the batter's box. Or write about sports? (HTTP response code 503). Part of the Baseball Almanac Family, Intentional Bases On Balls Records | Research by. Stan Musial was the most feared batter in the NL, based on how frequently he was purposely passed. Rod Carew, with 106 IBB and 77 HR through 1979, should eventually exceed this level. A blank field indicates a tie. ", "For the Win! Bert Campaneris has only 15 IBB in 9149 plate appearances, a 1/610 ratio, and Luis Aparicio had 22 in 11229 p.a., a 1/5 10 ratio. For example, if the game is tied and there is a runner on third base, the game is over if that runner scores. an advance to first base awarded a baseball player who during a turn at bat takes four pitches that are balls : walk See the full definition Most intentional walks in a game are the five intentional walks by Andre Dawson. Frank Howard, with 29 in 1970, and Adolfo Phillips, with the same total in 1967, hold the AL and NL records for most IBB in a season by right-handed batters. Jim Palmer, Luis Tiant, and Nolan Ryan have the best ratios among the righthanders, and Al Downing, Whitey Ford, and Vida Blue lead the lefties. It is called a "walk" because the batter is then entitled to walk to first base, or more specifically (as defined in the rules of baseball) he is "entitled to first base without liability to be put out." Any baserunner . The walks occurred on May 22, 1990. The term "base on balls" distinguishes a walk from the other manners in which a batter can be awarded first base without liability to be put out (e.g., hit by pitch (HBP), catcher's interference). Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. POINTS An intentional walk happens when a team decides to allow a hitter to reach first base instead of giving him a chance to hit the ball. A subset of the base on balls, an intentional base on balls ( IBB) or intentional walk is when the pitcher deliberately pitches the ball away from the batter in order to issue a base on balls. "The intentional base on balls has come to be one of the most, if not the most, unpopular plays in baseball," said A.L. [2] Despite being known as a "walk", it is considered a faux pas for a professional player to literally walk to first base; the batter-runner and any advancing runners normally jog on such a play.[3][4]. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? Although an Intentional Base on Balls is different, it is still a base on balls. In 2017, Major League Baseball adopted a variation of this rule through which the defensive team's manager simply had to signal his intention to the home plate umpire to walk the batter intentionally in order for the batter to proceed directly to first base, without the need to make any pitches. We are human beings." Why is this ratio so high? Only four American Leaguers rank in the top 20: Ted Williams, who has the best batting and slugging averages of the last 40 years, and the best on-base average of all-time; and Tony Oliva, Frank Howard, and Boog Powell among the second ten. [13], In 2017, Major League Baseball approved a rule change allowing for a batter to be walked intentionally by having the defending bench signal to the umpire. The first ten positions on the BFP/IBB table are held by pitchers who worked entirely or primarily in the AL. Rule 6.08 addresses this matter as well. Many thanks to him. Intentional Base on Balls - 2-7 Allows defensive team's head coach to signal umpire and intentionally walk the batter without throwing four (4) pitches. Pitching an intentional ball, like a point after touchdown in football and a free throw in basketball, is designed not to be automatic. Because of the fact that in four seasons (1961, 1977-79) the AL has operated with two more teams than the NL, the AL has had 50.7%, and the NL 49.3%, of all major league plate appearances over the last 25 seasons. The Angels, Pilots-Brewers, Mariners, and Blue Jays, all expansion teams, have never had a league leader. Intentional walks are normally issued for two reasons: to bypass a good hitter for a weaker one or one who does not have the platoon advantage; and/or to set up a double play. Walter Alston even changed his approach in mid-career, moving from issuing 101 (the 8th most ever) in 1967 to just 9 (the fewest ever at the time) in 1974. Since 1955, there have been 29 all-star games, including two each in the years 1959-62. Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net. Do you have a sports website? Summary: Total IBB, National League, 1955-79, 15,968. In 1886, the American Association changed the rules so that six balls instead of seven were required for a walk; however, the National League changed the rules so that seven balls were required for a walk instead of six. The best totals achieved by rookies are 14 by Willie Montanez of the 1971 Phillies, and 13 for George Scott of the 1966 Red Sox. Also, because a ball is live when a base on balls occurs, runners on base forced to advance one base may attempt to advance beyond one base, at their own risk. Wordfence is a security plugin installed on over 4 million WordPress sites. The batter can swing at an intentional ball, but cannot leave the batter's box to follow the pitch. The Official Scorer shall score an intentional base on balls when a batter is awarded first base because the defensive team's manager informs the umpire of the team's intention to walk the batter. This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 13:57. Larry Bowa had 23 walks among his 720 plate appearances in 1974, but none was intentional. The third table is a listing of the 50 pitchers who have faced the most batsmen since 1955, ranked according to the frequency with which they yielded IBB. The base on balls is defined in Section 2.00 of baseball's Official Rules,[1] and further detail is given in 6.08(a). Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. Hank Aaron, the all-time home run leader, is also the IBB leader. A wild pitch is solely the pitcher's fault and shall contribute to an earned run just as a base on balls or a balk. The career mark & single season mark set by Barry Bonds are, to say the least, in a class by themselves. NL accounted for 58% of major league total of 27,543. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Full-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports. There have been 27,543 intentional bases on balls in the major leagues, 1955-1979. All rights reserved. Among regulars, Glenn Beckert, who played with Adolfo Phillips, Billy Williams, Banks, and Santo, received only 3 IBB in his entire career, the same total as pitcher Peters. There are sixteen (16) instances in Major League history where a player has been intentionally walked at least thirty (30) times during a single season. In the AL, Gary Peters received three (1963, 1967, 1968), Mickey McDermott, two, both in 1957, and Tommy Byrne, (1956), Dick Donovan (1956), and Jim Kaat (1970), one each. Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. Baseball Digest. Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Baseball Reference Database. Data Provided By [7] Bonds, a prolific home run hitter, was a common target for the intentional walk. Gibson was a good all-around athlete, and an aggressive baserunner (13 SB in 23 attempts), not a slow-footed hurler who could be counted on to clutter up the basepaths. This was nominally done to speed up the game, although observers pointed out that intentional walks were so few, and were usually dispatched so quickly, that the gain in time would be microscopic. 51 relations. A walk is only considered intentional if the catcher gives a clear sign that he is calling for an unhittable ball. In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a base on balls (walk) issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. Barry Bonds holds most of the records for intentional walks, including four in a nine-inning game (2004), 120 in a season (2004),[5] 668 in his careermore than the next two players on the all-time list, Albert Pujols (309) and Hank Aaron (293), combined[6] and 21 in the postseason. A base on balls (BB), also known as a walk, occurs in baseball when a batter receives four pitches that the umpire calls balls, and is in turn awarded first base without the possibility of being called out.The base on balls is defined in Section 2.00 of baseball's Official Rules, and further detail is given in 6.08(a). For example, on August 17, 2004, following an unintentional ball, called strike, and unintentional ball, Barry Bonds was walked with two intentional balls on his third plate appearance. One of the side effects of the rule change was that it caused managers and front offices to re-examine the use of the intentional walk as a strategy. Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of Major League Baseball career intentional bases on balls leaders, Japanese High School Baseball Championship, "Major League Baseball Eliminates One of Its Most Annoying Rules", "Montreal Expos at San Francisco Giants Box Score, August 17, 2004", "You can try to intentionally walk Gary Sanchez but he'll just hit an almost-homer anyway", "Single-Season Leaders & Records for Intentional Bases on Balls", "Career Leaders & Records for Intentional Bases on Balls", "Postseason Batting Event Finder: From 1903 to 2017, All Teams, Intentional Walks", "Intentional Bases On Balls Records by Baseball Almanac", "Free PassPlayers who were intentionally walked with bases loaded", "Robins Will Have Plenty to Worry Them on Western Trip", "Intentionally walked with the bases loaded", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intentional_base_on_balls&oldid=1162185134. These are the league records for most plate appearances with no IBB in a season for the AL and NL respectively. Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. All images are property the copyright holder and are displayed here for informational purposes only. We are not machines. A pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an intentional ball. The ball shall be declared dead before making the award. Some defensive statistics Copyright Sports Info Solutions, 2010-2023. Many historical player head shots courtesy of David Davis. [3] Most recently, on September 10, 2016, the Tampa Bay Rays opted to walk Gary Sanchez of the hosting New York Yankees. In the bottom of the ninth or an extra inning, having a runner on first base might not affect the outcome of the game at all. Dave Winfield of San Diego became the first player from a National League expansion team to lead the league, with 24 in 1979. Find out more. IBB = Intentional base on balls SF = sacrifice flies HBP = Hit by pitch 2018 Formula The formula for the 2018 season was: [9] NIBB = Non-intentional bases on balls HBP = Hit by pitch 1B = Single McCovey and Williams hold the league records for left-handed batters for IBB received in a season. An intentional walk (aka intentional base on balls or IBB) is a walk issued when a pitcher deliberately throws completely unhittable pitches in order to have the batter advance to first base.. Many historical player head shots courtesy of David Davis. Many thanks to him. McCovey also had 40 IBB in 1970. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Intentional walks have been an officially tracked statistic only since 1955. https://www.baseball-reference.com/bpv/index.php?title=Intentional_walk&oldid=1266312, Scores from any date in Major League history, Minor, Foreign, College, & Black Baseball, Frequently Asked Questions about MLB and Baseball, Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREE. Baseball Almanac is pleased to present a record book full of baseball milestones for intentional bases on ballsincluding most intentional bases on balls in a career, most intentional bases on balls in a single single, and most intentional bases on balls in a game records. The Sporting Newss Baseball Record Book lists Napoleon Lajoie of the Philadelphia Athletics of the American League as the first player to receive an intentional walk with the bases full, in the ninth inning of a game played on May 23, 1901. Win Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of InsideTheBook.com, and co-author of The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball. Contemporary newspaper accounts give no indication that Ruth was walked with the bases full in that game. Three American Leaguers have been able to reach the 20 plateau twice: Harmon Killebrew turned the trick in consecutive seasons, 1969-70, as did Frank Howard, 1970-71; Reggie Jackson did it in 1969 and 1974. The purpose of an intentional walk is to bypass the current batter in order to face the following batter, whom the defensive team expects to be easier to put out. In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a base on balls (walk) issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. On the right of the table is the frequency of plate appearances to intentional walks, and the ranks of the players listed. Bill Deane and Everett Parker completed research on the five instances and summarized the events of each game (seen below). document.write(update); The first lists the season leaders in IBB in the American and National Leagues, 1955-79, plus the total number of IBB each year. Where what happened yesterday is being preserved today. There is quite a marked difference between the two leagues, however. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. [12] In 1880, the National League changed the rules so that eight "unfair balls" instead of nine were required for a walk. As with any other walk, an intentional walk entitles the batter to first base without liability to be put out, and entitles any runners to advance if forced. Some defensive statistics Copyright Sports Info Solutions, 2010-2023. It should be noted that statistics concerning intentional walks have only been kept separately since 1955. A base on balls counts as an intentional base on balls if and only if the final pitch thrown in the plate appearance is an intentional ball. Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. He had 5572 plate appearances, a 1/1857 ratio. It was created by the NABBP in 1863, originally as a sort of unsportsmanlike-conduct penalty: "Should the pitcher repeatedly fail to deliver to the striker fair balls, for the apparent purpose of delaying the game, or for any other cause, the umpire, after warning him, shall call one ball, and if the pitcher persists in such action, two and three balls; when three balls shall have been called, the striker shall be entitled to the first base; and should any base be occupied at that time, each player occupying them shall be entitled to one base without being put out. Bonds is the only player to be intentionally walked more than 400 times. After being thrown four balls by the pitcher, the batter earns himself a Base on Balls (BB) and is now a baserunner on 1st base. The American League single season record for intentional bases on balls was set in 1957 by Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox and tied in 1993 by John Olerud of the Toronto Blue Jays. One out of every 12.3 AL BB is intentional, but one out of every 8.2 NL BB is, which shows quite a dramatic contrast between the leagues in the incidence of intentional walks. This works out to an average of one for every 116 plate appearances. Ted Berg: "Long live the four-pitch intentional walk! Intentional base on balls. Statistic Description: Intentional Bases on Balls First tracked in 1955. A pitch that is intentionally thrown far outside the strike zone for this purpose is referred to as an intentional ball. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. Summary: Total IBB, American League, 1955-79, 11,575. Do you have a blog? Aaron has the highest frequency of any player with 200 or more SB. However, in 2014, Major League Baseball introduced the "automatic intentional walk" on a test basis in the Arizona Fall League, as part of a set of measures to speed up the flow of the game; in this scenario, the manager signaled the home plate umpire by showing four fingers, after which the batter automatically moved to first base without the need to throw any pitches. A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or not played for a full season. Tony Oliva accomplished this nine times, for the AL record. Generated by Wordfence at Tue, 27 Jun 2023 21:02:29 GMT.Your computer's time: document.write(new Date().toUTCString());. Mantle currently holds the AL record for switch hitters with 127. update=copyright.getFullYear(); Where what happened yesterday is being preserved today. Logos were compiled by the amazing SportsLogos.net. Hank Aaron had 16 seasons during his long career in which he received 10 or more IBB, the best record of any major leaguer. Statistic Description: Intentional Bases on Balls First tracked in 1955. The career totals of Aaron, Banks, Mays, Kaline, Musial, Mantle, Mathews, Snider, Del Crandall, and Ted Williams do not include pre-1955 performances. Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Baseball Reference Database. The highest season total of intentional walks is 45, by Willie McCovey in 1969. For decades, the pitcher had to actually go through the motions of throwing four pitches outside of the strike zone; he could not simply indicate that he was conceding the base to the batter. Another version of base on balls is called intentional base on balls (IBB) or intentional walk.This is when the pitcher deliberately pitches the ball away from the batter in order to issue a base on balls. Team using the strategy did not go on to win the game; case neglected by historians until 2007. January 2002. Of those games, the NL has won 23, the AL, 5, and I ended in a tie. The table lists pitchers who did most of their work as starters. No player has ever received more than one intentional pass in an inning. Copyright 1999- above or below the waist; a pitch which failed to conform was "unfair." ", With one out and a runner on second or third base, converting a powerful batter to a runner on first base means that a subsequent ground ball may become a. There have been 27,543 intentional bases on balls in the major leagues, 1955-1979. An intentional base-on-balls is an officially recognized statistic (since 1955) that counts the number of times a batter reaches first base after accepting four intentionally wide pitches outside the strike zone. The intentional base on balls is often referred to as a "four-fingered salute." A base on balls (BB), also known as a walk, occurs in baseball when a batter receives four pitches during a plate appearance that the umpire calls balls, and is in turn awarded first base without the possibility of being called out. We have tools and resources that can help you use sports data. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. Cesar Tovar had 726 plate appearances in 1967, including 46 walks, without receiving any IBB. There are claims that Mel Ott was also intentionally walked four times in a game against the Phillies in 1929 (see below). the official stats partner of the NBA, NHL and MLB. Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Tuesday, June 27, 4:18AM. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? As with any other walk, an intentional walk entitles the batter to first base without liability to be put out, and entitles any runners to advance if forced. Rule 9.16(a) Comment: Jacksons 20 in 1974 marks the highest total of IBB received while the DH was in effect. Barry Bonds had 4 Intentional walks in a nine-inning game that occurred twice on May 1 and September 22, 2004. All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. The SPORTS REFERENCE and STATHEAD trademarks are owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC. Aside from Otts l929game, no player has received more than three IBB in a nine-inning game in either major league. No other player in either league has achieved a season total of 30 or more IBB. Access from your area has been temporarily limited for security reasons. In 1869 the rule was modified so that only those baserunners forced to advance could advance. The reason "BB" is called a walk is due to the batter being walked by the pitcher. Barry Bonds, May 1, 2004 and September 22, 2004. Before Barry Bonds broke the single-season record with 68 in 2002, and then increased it to the current mark of 120 two years later, it was held by Willie McCovey, with the relatively paltry total of 45. Share your thoughts on Baseball Fever. The intentional walk can be accomplished by the pitcher throwing four obvious balls to the catcher, or by a team automatically placing a batter on first base by announcing to the umpire they are intentionally walking a batter. . Historical data found on Baseball Almanac prior to that year is based on box scores. All images are property the copyright holder and are displayed here for informational purposes only. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. An example of such a situation would be if there was a runner on second or third base that would not be forced to advance on an intentional walk, but could advance or even score on a base hit, sacrifice fly, or fielding error. In baseball, an intentional base on balls, usually referred to as an intentional walk and denoted in baseball scorekeeping by IBB, is a walk issued to a batter by a pitcher with the intent of removing the batter's opportunity to swing at the pitched ball. Data Provided By We have tools and resources that can help you use sports data. This may be done before pitching to the batter or on any ball and strike count. 4 Intentional walks in a nine-inning game. He also managed 20 for the Cubs in 1968. As might be expected from the distribution of IBB between the leagues, most of the leading batters in IBB are primarily identified with the National League. Is he also the career leader for intentional bases on balls? This probably can be explained by the awesome Yankee lineup that season, particularly by the fact that switch hitter Mickey Mantle followed Mans in the batting order. Win Expectancy, Run Expectancy, and Leverage Index calculations provided by Tom Tango of InsideTheBook.com, and co-author of The Book: Playing the Percentages in Baseball. the official stats partner of the NBA, NHL and MLB. The usefulness of intentional walks for either reason is a matter of considerable debate, and different managers have taken very different attitudes toward the intentional walk. Jimmie Foxx, Andre Thornton, Jeff Bagwell and Bryce Harper have each been walked six times during a major league regular season game. Hideki Matsui drew five consecutive intentional walks in a game in Japanese High School Baseball Championship at Koshien Stadium in 1992 and became a nationwide topic of conversation.[8]. Catchers are usually not frequent base stealing threats, and have less time to relax between innings if they should be left on base. copyright=new Date(); Full-year historical Major League statistics provided by Pete Palmer and Gary Gillette of Hidden Game Sports. An intentional walk (aka intentional base on balls or IBB) is a walk issued when a pitcher deliberately throws completely unhittable pitches in order to have the batter advance to first base. The catcher must be careful not to step over to catch the pitch until after the pitcher has thrown; stepping out of his box prematurely will result in a balk. Carew, of course, currently has the best lifetime batting percentage since Ted Williams. A subset of the base on balls, an intentional base on balls (IBB) or intentional walk is when the defensive team intentionally issues a walk to the batter. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. Aparicio hit 83 homers; Campaneris has hit 76. On October 5, 1929, in the first game of a Giants-Phillies doubleheader, Chuck Klein took the lead for the season home run title (box score). He had quite a margin over runner-up Hank Aaron, who had 19, and AL co-leaders Killebrew and Jackson, who had 20. The same source also credits Mel Ott of the New York Giants with receiving 5 intentional passes in the game of October 5, 1929, which is a major league record. . [16] The most consecutive walks to end a game since at least 1920 (with no outs in between the walks) is five, which occurred when the Los Angeles Dodgers beat the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2019.[17]. Copyright 2000-2023 Sports Reference LLC. Prior to the 2017 season, as part of Major League Baseball's efforts to improve the pace of play, the rules were amended to allow a manager to order an intentional walk by simply signaling the umpire.[1]. All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. In the NL, 1/99 plate appearances is an IBB compared to 1/1 16 for the majors. NOTE: Intentional walks have only been an officially tracked statistic since 1955. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. The top 25 players include eight catchers: Simmons, Crandall, Edwards, Haller, Roseboro, McCarver, Sanguillen, and Bench. Intentional base on balls. In the AL, 1/140 plate appearances is an IBB compared to 1/1 16 for the majors. [5] Though a base on balls, catcher's interference, or a batter hit by a pitched ball all result in the batter (and possibly runners on base) being awarded a base,[6] the term "walk" usually refers only to a base on balls, and not the other methods of reaching base without the bat touching the ball. Both men had lifetime batting averages over .280. When the batter is walked, runners advance one base without liability to be put out only if forced to vacate their base to allow the batter to take first base. We present them here for purely educational purposes. Join our linker program. Merge - This would make an excellent subsection of Base on Balls but by itself, it's not a very good article. Baseball Almanac researches the single season intentional base on balls leaders and lists the top one-hundred in baseball history. Total Zone Rating and initial framework for Wins above Replacement calculations provided by Sean Smith. President Ban Johnson in 1913. . Phoenix, AZ 85004 Number of occurrences: 2. Find out more. [9] An attempt to advance an additional base beyond the base awarded might occur when ball four is a passed ball or a wild pitch. We present them here for purely educational purposes. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? An intentional walk is when the defense chooses to walk a batter. The benefit of an intentional walk is as set out above, and in this case, the risk is minimal. Your access to this service has been limited. Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Number of intentional walks hit during the, This page was last edited on 3 May 2023, at 12:32. "Career Leaders & Records for Intentional Bases on Balls", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Major_League_Baseball_career_intentional_bases_on_balls_leaders&oldid=1152966859. We present them here for purely educational purposes. In the Major Leagues, there were 12 cases from 1900 through 2011 of a batter making contact with an intentional ball.
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