With its introduction, red and white became entrenched as the national colours of Canada[19] and it was added to the Canadian Heraldic Authority's Public Register of Arms, Flags, and Badges on 15 March 2005. [51] Permanent resident cards issued from 2015 feature a holographic representation of the 1957 version of the coat of arms. With its distinctive maple leaf, Canadas red and white flag is easily recognized around the globe. In the 1st quarter (top-left) was the arms of the Province of Ontario, in the 2nd quarter (top-right) was . [18] This occurred by way of popular and even Canadian governmental usage; flag-makers took to using the complex shield on Canadian Red Ensigns. A blue-white-red vertical tricolor with two white stars representing the colonies of. [48] In the latter two, the most senior non-commissioned ranks wear the 1957 version of the arms as a badge of rank, representing the fact that they have received the King's warrant (as opposed to the King's Commission for officers). In the years following the Second World War, public opinion grew in favour of a new national flag, but the nation was divided. In 1912, the British secretary of state instructed the governor general that the Union Flag was Canadas flag to be flown on land. Debate within the committee was fierce, divided between those who wished to retain the symbols that tied Canada to its colonial history, and those who wanted Canada to adopt its own symbols for the future. The flag of the governor general displays the crest of the Canadian royal armsa crowned lion holding a maple leafand is used in a fashion akin to the sovereign's flag. At least one of the 10 species grows naturally in every province. Many English versions have appeared over the years. The coat of arms are surmounted by a rendition of, This page was last edited on 1 June 2023, at 23:02. The design is traditional, with the shield displaying the arms of England, Scotland, Ireland and France to symbolize the nation's founders. The maple leaf emerged in the 19th century as a symbol of Canadian identity and was everywhere in popular culture: books, songs, coins, badges, banners, and many other items. From the Canadian Heritage website. This had the effect of elevating the Canadian coat of arms, which had been granted as deputed arms for particular uses in a colony, to the status of the royal arms of the King in right of the country, for general purposes throughout the country. Canadian Shield 1868-1921 (Official) In May of 1868 a royal warrant granted arms to the four provinces and and from those the Great Seal of Canada was created, which had the four provincial arms quarterly. Maples contribute valuable wood products and sustain the maple sugar industry. In 1945, another order-in-council approved the flying of the flag over federal buildings within Canada. The National Film Board of Canada was there to record this historic event. View the video February 15, 1965: Raising Canada's New Flag. [18] However, they are blazoned as "proper", so could be shown as either red or green, and it is the blazon, rather than any depiction, which is regarded as authoritative. For enquiries,contact us. [28] A counter-proposal from the college added the flags to the supporters and a crown to the lion, as in the British arms, and placed the three fleurs-de-lis between two green maple leaves in the fifth charge on the shield, below the four charges of the arms of the UK. In the first half of the 17th century, Canadians became convinced that the completely white flag of the French Royal Navy, which they saw on ships and forts, was in fact the national flag of France, the flag they owed allegiance to. Read the history of O Canada and learn about the people behind the anthem and the anthems of Canada. [20][21] Arms were then granted by royal warrant, on 26 May 1868, to Ontario,[22] Quebec,[23] Nova Scotia,[24] and New Brunswick. Below are a few flag designs offered by us. Since then, Canadas emblems have evolved out of those traditionally used by France and Britain. [18] The present design of the arms of Canada was drawn by Cathy Bursey-Sabourin, Fraser Herald at the Canadian Heraldic Authority. The G represents the Gaelic language and the ripples are the manifestations of the language through its rich culture of song, story, music, dance and custom and belief system. Joseph Maffrs The Original Canadian Quadrilles, published that same year, displays on its cover a beaver enclosed in maple branches. A Canadian committee appointed in 1919 decided within a year on the basic elements of a new design, which was forwarded to the College of Arms in London, England, for its consideration. The project differs in different periods of the company's activity. Inspired by the colours of the maple leaf through the changing seasons, the tartans pattern incorporates the green of summer leaves, the gold of early autumn, the red of the first frost and finally, the brown tones of the fallen leaves before winter. The standard is protected under the Trade-marks Act; section 9(a) states: "No person shall adopt in connection with a business, as a trade-mark or otherwise, any mark consisting of, or so nearly resembling as to be likely to be mistaken for the Royal Arms, Crest or Standard. Timeline: The Maple Leaf shows the evolution of this national symbol. We have many other designs as well and can produce any custom flag that may be required. The third quarter shows the Irish harp of Tara. March 4, 2015. The designs of arms granted to Qubec and Ontario in 1868 each incorporated a sprig of three maple leaves. Stone marking the grave of an unknown soldier from the First World War. The arms were not authorized, but the fact that his proposal combined the fleurs-de-lis of royal France with the beaver on the same shield is a clear indication that he viewed the beaver as a major Canadian symbol. The Canadian Red Ensign ( French: Enseigne Rouge Canadienne) served as a nautical flag and civil ensign for Canada from 1892 to 1965, and later as the de facto flag of Canada before 1965. From its forts and canoes, the Hudsons Bay Company, which governed a large part of what is now Canada, flew the Red Ensign with HBC in the fly (i.e., the portion furthest from the staff). Most poignantly, it is a single maple leaf that is carved upon many of the headstones of Canadian service men and women who gave their lives in the 2 world wars. The background is like the British flag without the diagonal stripes, there is a green maple leaf in the center and there are three stars on either side in the red stripe and two stars on either side in the vertical red stripe. The contents of this Register are intended for research purposes only. The personal flag of the governor general has, since 1981, featured the crest of the royal arms of Canada on a blue background. "[56] In addition, under Crown copyright, "permission is always required when the work is being revised, adapted, or translated, regardless if the purpose of the reproduction is for personal or public non-commercial distribution. Maybe youve waved a paper hand flag on Canada Day, or worn it as a pin on your jacket. Instead, a parliamentary committee was created and given a 6-week deadline to submit a recommendation for a national flag. The leaf was redesigned with 11 points by graphic artist Jacques St-Cyr. [64][65] Following the Commons example, the Senate then requested and obtained, exactly two months later, a similar badge for itself, with the shield of the royal arms surmounted on the mace assigned to the Senate.[66]. [18] To mark the 1982 patriation of the Canadian constitution, which finally ended the last vestiges of the British parliament's role in amending the constitution, a McGill University student named Bruce Hicks proposed to Secretary of State Gerald Regan that the motto of the Order of Canadaat the time, the country's highest civilian honour for meritbe placed around the shield in order to bring these royal arms into line with other royal arms displayed in Canadaholdovers from the time of French, Scottish, and English colonisationon which a symbol of those countries' highest national order of honour appeared around the shield (the British arms displayed the Order of the Garter, the Scottish royal arms the Order of the Thistle, and the royalist arms of the French Regime the Order of the Holy Spirit and Order of Saint Michael). The story of our badge and motto is one of legend and mystery, dating back to the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP). On October 22, 1964, the committee voted in favour of Stanleys single-leaf concept. [54], As the royal arms are personal to the sovereign, they cannot be used without the King's consent. [18] Different standards were used by Elizabeth in some of the other Commonwealth realms, and she held another banner for use as head of the Commonwealth. In the 1940s, military historian Archer Fortescue Duguid suggested King George V had chosen red and white as Canada's official colours because those were the colours in the wreath and mantling on the arms. In 1633, when Alexander became Earl of Stirling and Viscount Canada, his new arms featured a beaver to symbolize his fiefdom in the New World. In 1868 the original provinces Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Qubec and Ontario received arms by a royal warrant that also provided for a great seal of Canada, a shield bearing the arms of the four provinces. This version of the union flag was probably introduced in Canada not long after, most likely in Newfoundland, but also, over time, by ships of the Royal Navy, units of the British army, and vessels and forts of the Hudson's Bay Company. Trees have played a meaningful role in the historical development of Canada and continue to be of commercial, environmental and aesthetic importance. Made in 1996 after the Quebec independence referendum by federalists who supported remaining with Canada to represent national unity. In 1867 Alexander Muir composed "The Maple Leaf Forever," a song which for decades was regarded as a national hymn. The flags of British North America used in colonial Canada showcased ties to the British Empire. It may surprise you to learn that our flag is relatively young and that it has an eventful history. The beaver was made an emblem of the country by Parliament in 1975. Our national symbols express our identity and define our history. Between 1962 and 2022, the banner of arms defaced with a variant of the Queen's cypher formed the Queen's Personal Canadian Flag, for use by Queen Elizabeth II. The National Flag of Canada, also known as the Canadian Flag or the Maple Leaf Flag (l'Unifoli in French), consists of a red field with a white square at its centre in which sits a stylized, 11-pointed red maple leaf. The motto of Canada is A Mari Usque Ad Mare, which translates to From Sea to Sea. From the National Post. The Arms of Canada (French: Armoiries du Canada), also known as the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada (French: armoiries royales du Canada)[11] or, formally, as the Arms of His Majesty the King in Right of Canada (French: Armoiries de Sa Majest le roi du Canada),[16] is the arms of dominion of the Canadian monarch and, thus, also the official coat of arms of Canada. Prime Minister Pearsons words on the occasion resound with hope and determination: May the land over which this new flag flies remain united in freedom and justice sensitive, tolerant and compassionate towards all.. [38], 18681870, quartering the arms of the four founding provinces, 18731907, addition of British Columbia and Prince Edward Island, 19071921, addition of Saskatchewan and Alberta. A white flag with a Canadian Flag at the canton, with the current badge of the Navy League of Canada at the fly. [27] A 1917 proposal by Edward Marion Chadwick (who had designed the crest, supporters, and motto of the coat of arms of Ontario) sparked a discussion about featuring First Nations figures as supporters. Proposal made during the Great Flag Debate featuring one maple leaf. 050903 Paris 052 NotreDame memoriaInglesi.JPG 1,704 2,272; 403 KB. Elements of the coat of arms are also used in other designs, with the shield being used in the various royal standards belonging to members of the royal family and the crest of the arms serving as the focal point of the governor general's flag. The maple leaf was the badge of the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the First World War. One of the more well-received concepts considered by the committee was proposed by George Stanley, Dean of Arts at the Royal Military College (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario. The Canadian Red Ensign, bearing the Union Jack and the shield of the royal arms of Canada, was used since the 1870s and became a widely recognized national symbol. The maple leaves in the shield, blazoned "proper" (i.e., in natural colour), were originally drawn vert (green), but were redrawn gules (red) in 1957 and a circlet of the Order of Canada was added to the arms for limited use in 1987. Two suggestions for a new motto are A mari ad mare ad mare (from sea to sea to sea) and A mari usque ad maria (from the sea to the other seas). Today the beaver, noted for its industry, skill and perseverance, qualities considered suitable for a nation to emulate, decorates the reverse of the Canadian five-cent coin. When John Cabot arrived on the shores of North America in 1497, he raised a cross and the royal banner of England. 1907 version of the Canadian Red Ensign commonly used in western Canada. A banner of the shield of the arms of the Army Cadet League of Canada. [18] Arms had not been granted to any of the colonies in British North America, apart from 17th century grants to Nova Scotia[19] and Newfoundland. This is the basis of the current flag of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets. Used informally today. [2] Different standards are used by King Charles in some other Commonwealth realms. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Last Edited. The current flag for the Canadian monarch was unveiled on 6 May 2023, the day of King Charles III's coronation. On 9 August 1902, the day of the coronation of King Edward VII, the monarch's royal standard (then the same in Canada as in the United Kingdom) was raised on a temporary flag pole at His Majesty's Dockyard in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The Personal Canadian flag of The Princess Royal bears a blue roundel within a wreath of golden maple leaves for Canada. Specific etiquette and protocols apply to the National Flag of Canada. Today they include such national symbols as the beaver and the maple leaf. Flags are heraldic emblems. The maple leaf was officially recognized for the first time as a Canadian symbol in 1859 when the Prince of Wales presented the 100th Regiment (Royal Canadians) with its colours in England. In a statement issued by Heritage Minister James Moore, "The Maple Leaf Tartan has been worn proudly and enjoyed by Canadians for decades, but has never been elevated to the level of an official symbol until now. [24], Though being the most commonly used flag it is not the official flag and is disputed by supporters of the officially recognized 1993 flag designed by Kelly Gooding[24]. The fourth quarter shows the Royal Banner of France or "Bourbon Flag" with three gold fleurs-de-lis on blue field arranged two and one, symbolizing royal France. In 1673, Governor Frontenac proposed arms for Qubec City. The heraldic blazon of Canada's coat of arms, as declared in the 1921 proclamation, is: Tierced in fesse the first and second divisions containing the quarterly coat following, namely, 1st, gules three lions passant guardant in pale Or, 2nd, Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory-counter-flory gules, 3rd, azure a harp Or stringed argent, 4th, azure, three fleurs-de-lis Or, and the third division argent three maple leaves conjoined on one stem proper. Notwithstanding this popular historical misconception, red and white, the colours that adorn the National Flag of Canada, have undeniably come to represent Canada both at home and abroad. Ten maple leaves are spread across the flag, and they likely represent the provinces. Many Canadians have also come to embrace these colours as representative of natural features prominent in some parts of our country: the white of winter snows, and the red of autumnal maple leaves. The blue sides were meant to represent. It bore a representation of France as a seated woman and of Canada as a beaver at her feet. The British continued to display the royal arms at land claims, such as Sir Humphrey Gilberts ceremony claiming Newfoundland in 1583. "[57], The banner of the arms was in 2023 made the sovereign's flag,[58] for use by the monarch in Canada and when representing Canada abroad. A field of light blue with the Union Flag in the canton and a shield with white albatross superimposed upon three maple leaves in the middle of the fly. In 1924, a Canadian order-in-council decreed that the Red Ensign with the shield of Canada in the fly could be flown over Canadian government buildings abroad. On February 15 of that same year, the new National Flag of Canada was raised for the first time over Parliament Hill. Its adoption was the culmination of many years of discussion, hundreds of designs and the heated flag debate in Parliament. [19]) In that warrant, Queen Victoria authorized the four arms of the first provinces to be quartered for use on the Great Seal of Canada. There are currently five variants of the sovereign's royal standard, each of which were approved by Queen Elizabeth II by letters patent for a specific member of Canada's royal family: Prince William, Prince of Wales; Princess Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh. [34] While unsuccessful in this first attempt, Hicks continued his campaign and was joined by a number of other amateur and professional heraldists. When John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) landed on the coast of North America on St John the Baptist Day, 24 June 1497, he formally took possession of the surrounding territory in the name of King Henry VII of England by raising a large cross and the royal banner, which then contained the three gold fleurs-de-lis of France on a blue field and the three gold lions of England on red, both repeated twice. Despite all this recognition, the beaver was close to extinction by the mid-19th century. During its peak, 100,000 pelts were being shipped to Europe each year; the Canadian beaver was in danger of being wiped out. The present version of the banner will therefore be used by all future kings and queens of Canada.[2]. [1] The sovereign's personal standard is supreme in the order of precedence, followed by those for the monarch's representatives (depending on jurisdiction), the personal flags of other members of the Royal Family,[2] and then the national flag and provincial flags. Originally green, in 1957 the leaves officially became red, a common autumnal colour, and thus in accord with Canada's national colours, red and white. The C would mean "Canada" (in the sense that this term had for the Patriots at the time) and JB would mean "Jean-Baptiste", the patron saint of "Canadians" since the creation of the Socit Saint-Jean- Baptiste in 1834. [70], The fifth charge, a sprig of red maple leaves at the bottom, is a distinctly Canadian symbol that became gradually identified with the country throughout the 19th century. While the quest for a national flag for Canada dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the flag as we know it today emerged from the major social transformations during the 1950s and 1960s in the lead up to the 100th anniversary of Confederation in 1967. [68] Initially, the leaves were depicted as coloured green on the coat of arms because it was thought to represent youth, as opposed to the red colour of dying leaves in autumn. A white background with a bird charged in the middle. Proposal made during the Great Flag Debate featuring ten maple leaves. At that time, the King of France sent horses from the royal stables to New France the Norman and Breton horses were of mixed origin and included Arabian, Barb and Andalusian horses. RCMP badge and motto. Tri-colored flag, blue, white then red. An Air Force blue flag, with the badge of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets and a scroll stating the squadron's name and number (this example, 643. As these hats became more popular, the demand for the pelts grew. A banner combining the flags of Canada and Quebec. 10 of these grow in Canada: the sugar, black, silver, bigleaf, red, mountain, striped, Douglas, vine and Manitoba maples. Today, thanks to conservation, the beaver is alive and well all over the country. They are further stylized in that natural maple leaves do not grow in sprigs of three. 25, Regular Issue, December 17, 1921, p. 2406. Although the maple leaf is closely associated with Canada, the maple tree was only recognized as Canada's arboreal emblem in 1996. For many, the maple leaf was a shared symbol of pride, courage and loyalty. [27] A committee, which included Dominion Archivist Arthur Doughty,[28] was formed in 1919 to pursue the issue, eventually agreeing that the elements of the new arms would reference the royal arms of England, Ireland, Scotland, and France, with maple leaves representing Canada, though there was at the time no consensus on how the leaves were to be used. Behind them is a white diamond on a blue background. This represented Canada as the heir of the four older kingdoms. Conrad Swan, Canada: Symbols of Sovereignty (1977); Canadian Heritage, Symbols of Canada (2010); Alistair B. Fraser, The Flags of Canada; Auguste Vachon, Les origines du castor et de la feuille drable comme emblmes canadiens and Bannire de France et pavillon blanc en Nouvelle-France. "[41] Further, "marks and designs similar to the official symbols are pursued as a copyright or trade-mark infringement. [28], The shield forms the basis of the royal standards of Canada. Underneath the four quarters, on a white field, is a sprig of three maple leaves to indicate the new nation of many peoples. You will not receive a reply. Each of the provincial viceroys also has a representative flag , most being a blue field on which is displayed the shield of the province's arms surmounted by a crown. The version on which the official English lyrics are based was written in 1908 by Robert Stanley Weir. The former royal standard,[3] also called the Queen's Personal Canadian Flag,[17] was a heraldic banner[18] adopted and proclaimed by Queen Elizabeth II in 1962 for her use in her capacity as Queen of Canada. Click on "Historical Flags of Canada" and then "Posters of Historical Flags of Canada" for additional images. The Maple Leaf Tartan was declared an official national symbol on March 9, 2011. [59], In March 2006, the premiers of Canada's three territories called for the amendment of the motto to better reflect the vast geographic nature of Canada's territory,[75] as Canada has coastlines on the Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans. Details of the regiment were placed on active service on 6 August 1914 for local protection duties. Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. Canadas National Flag Turns 50!A colourful virtual exhibit on the 50th anniversary of the Canadian flag from the Government of Canada (on google.com). Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Another British flag used in Canada was the Red Ensign [PDF version, 1 MB]. At that time, they were replaced by the new Canadian flag and later . The beaver, most significant of the fur-bearing animals sought in the fur trade, was identified early as an emblem suitable to represent portions of the vast territories that in the 19th century became Canada. The wreath on Prince William's banner is of 24 gold maple leaves, the roundel depicts the Prince of Wales' feathers, and the label is not charged, signifying the eldest son of the monarch. [69] The second quarter bears the red lion rampant of Scotland in a double treasure border with fleurs-de-lis, used as a symbol of Scotland since at least the reign of William I. The golden border represents the young people that CIC officers work for. Prior to Confederation in 1867, the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom served in Canada as the symbol of royal authority. As more provinces and territories joined Canada, the original four arms were marshalled with the arms of the new members of Confederation, eventually resulting in a shield with nine quarterings. The flags are part of a larger collection of Canadian royal symbols.[1]. This adapted design is now found on Canadas National Flag. For example, the National Flag should never touch the ground. [28], With the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada and other Dominions became fully sovereign from the United Kingdom. FlagsWatch the Heritage Minute about the Canadian flag from Historica Canada. The flag, in a 1:2 proportion, consists of the escutcheon of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada in banner form, undifferenced. The motto A Mari Usque ad Mare ("From sea to sea") is from the Bible's Psalm 72:8: "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth" (King James Version). In 1960, Lester B. Pearson, then Leader of the Opposition, declared that he was determined to solve what he called the flag problem. To Pearson, this issue was critical to defining Canada as a unified, independent country. [4], All were created by the Canadian Heraldic Authority, the first two that came after Queen Elizabeth II's being the banners for then-Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and Prince William, then-Duke of Cambridge. It is this version of the Canadian Red Ensign that represented Canada during the Second World War. [62] In response, Member of Parliament Derek Lee tabled a motion calling for a committee to be struck, which passed and Hicks and Robert Watt, the first Chief Herald of Canada, were called as the only two expert witnesses; though, Senator Serge Joyal joined the committee ex-officio, on behalf of the Senate. The proportions of the flag are in a ratio of two to one: two by length and one by width. The first known written mention of the maple as an emblem of Francophone Canadians was within an epigram in a 29 November 1806 issue of Le Canadien addressed to its rival English newspaper, the Mercury. November 29, 2019. IV, p. 457", "The Coat of Arms of Canada A Short History", "Royal Heraldry Society of Canada: The Coat of Arms", "Canadian Symbols Promotion Nova Scotia", "RSNL1990 CHAPTER C-20 COAT OF ARMS ACT", "Heraldry and Flags: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage", "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion Ontario", "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion Quebec", "Nova Scotia/Nouvelle-Ecosse Coat-of-Arms/Le blason", "Canadian Symbols Promotion New Brunswick", "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion The arms of Canada", "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion The arms of Canada (page 2)", "Coat of arms ignores aboriginal people, MP say", "Some Observations on the Queen, the Crown, the Constitution, and the Courts", "Prime Minister of Canada / Premier ministre du Canada", "National Defence and the Canadian Forces", "Royal Canadian Mint Monnaie Royale Canadienne", "Passport Canada: Features of the Passport", "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion Personal Flags and Standards", "The Speaker House of Commons Canada Welcome", "Public Register of Arms- House of Commons", "Library of Parliament Canadian symbols at Parliament", "Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion You were asking", "The Constitution of the Order of Canada", Registration of the Arms and Supporters of Her Majesty The Queen in Right of Canada, Arms & Badges Royal Arms of Canada, A Brief History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coat_of_arms_of_Canada&oldid=1158090731. [23], Protocol is sometimes, though rarely, officially broken. [22][23], No other person may use the flag; the King's federal representative, the governor general, possesses a unique personal flag, as does each of the monarch's provincial viceroys. The colours of the stripes are white and golden yellow. 2013 (flag adopted) Some examples of the royal arms have survived in courthouses, post offices and Anglican churches. The flag, in a 1:2 proportion, consisted of the escutcheon of the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada in banner form defaced with the distinct device of Queen Elizabeth II used on her head of the Commonwealth flag:[17] a blue roundel with the initial E surmounted by St. Edward's Crown and within a wreath of roses, all gold-coloured. In 1921 King George V, by royal proclamation, assigned armorial bearings for Canada. [18], Heraldists considered nine quarterings on a shield as too convoluted for a national symbol and,[18] by 1915, a push had begun to design a new coat of arms for Canada. Toward the hoist is a green, stylized eagle in flight. The Royal Crown at the top indicates that these are the Arms of His Majesty the King in Right of Canada. Settlers, Rails & Trails Inc., in Argyle, Manitoba holds the second largest exhibit - known as the Canadian Flag Collection. "Group C" finalist considered by Parliamentary committee. On a white field, the badge of the Royal Canadian Army Cadets in the centre.
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