Know when your hopes are well-founded and how to turn your deep desires into results. child care, housework), gender identity (e.g. Kululanga L, Sundby J, Malata A, Chirwa E. Striving to promote male involvement in maternal health care in rural and urban settings in Malawi - a qualitative study. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 528. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/news/pathways-to-impact-impact-core-to-the-uk-research-and-innovation-application-process/, Von Roten F (2011) Crettaz gender differences in scientists public outreach and engagement activities. First, how might sex or gender affect decision-making and stakeholder engagement, or facilitate or impede the uptake of evidence-informed practice, programs, policies? Gender equality does not necessarily mean that everyone is treated exactly the same. Leaders who give voices of diverse backgrounds and experiences equal airtime are almost twice as likely to uncover value-driving insights. Or is it the case that the more things seem to change, the more they stay the same? Im quite a generalist actually, Im not a specialistSo Im very generalist. Although it is clear that the lack of gender diversity and the bias against women that exists in science is detrimental to productivity, innovation and job satisfaction [1, 2], attempts to remedy these issues have met resistance.That is, while there is a trend for nations and . Still, there are some patterns among the chaos of a diverse generation. This is this mirrored on a global scale, particularly in Australia, where, at the vanguard (Upton et al., 2014, p. 352) of these developments, methods were first devised (but were subsequently abandoned) to measure research impact (Chubb, 2017; Hazelkorn and Gibson, 2019). This links to a broader characterisation of HE as marketised and potentially, more male or at least masculinisedwhere increasing competitiveness, marketisation and performativity can be seen as linked to an increasingly macho way of doing business (Blackmore, 2002; Deem, 1998; Grummell et al., 2009; Reay, n.d.). Reducing gender inequity and tobacco use among vulnerable populations. One researcher suggested that Impact sounds kind of aggressivethe poor consumer! (History, Australia, Professor, Female). When and how should implementation interventions be tailored to the sex, gender and diversity of the target audience? List of the top implementation science papers published in 2015. The site is secure. Two male participants spoke positively about the need to transfer knowledge of all kinds to society referencing their role as parents: Im all for that. So I think its a part. Brownson RC, Colditz GA, Proctor EK. Here, women were valued if they played a supportive, supplementary role in line with Bellas (1999), which was in clear distinction to men who contributed as creative thinkers and forgers of new ideas. Gender transformative approaches are preferred as they anticipate unintended barriers and consequences and address the causes of gender-based health inequities where they exist [67]. Matrimonial transactions, then, adhere to norms and ritualized situations that signal actors dedication to dominant ideals of masculinity and femininity and the unequal roles they will come to occupy within marriage. Data on sex-related factors can include measuring sex hormones, body and organ size, metabolism, or fat tissue distribution [41]. The biological categories are not always clear-cut, as some children are born intersex, with internal female organs, but an extended clitoris that appears to be a micro-phallus. The results are then presented from academics in the UK and Australia and then from REF2014 panellists. Bart C, McQueen G. Why women make better directors. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Searching the top 10 articles of 2015 as reported by Implementation Science (see Additional file 1: Appendix 1) for the words sex or gender shows that only one makes a minor mention of gender as it relates to controlling for clinician gender in a modeling exercise [16]. These associations about Impact being soft and hard made by evaluators, mirror the responses from researchers in the above sections. Peer J Preprints 7:e27587v3, Simpson A (2017) The surprising persistence of Biglans classification scheme. Krysinska K, Batterham PJ, Christensen H. Differences in the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for suicidal ideation and behaviour in women and men: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. However, this association only remains soft insofar as Impact remains unmeasurable, or more nuanced in definition. 2017, No. Some sex and gender research questions for researchers studying implementation. The adoption of societal impact as a formalised criterion in the evaluation of research excellence was initially perceived to be potentially beneficial for women, due to its emphasis on concepts such as public engagement; duty and non-academic cooperation/collaboration (Yarrow and Davies, 2018). This resonates with how Impact brings renewed currency and academic prominence to applied researchers (Chubb, 2017). In interviews with 116 mostly Chicagoland Millennials, I identify some trends among the generation soon to age into leadership in American society. (Panel 3, Outputs Only, Male). Drawing on the feminist tradition the authors did not apply feminist standpoint theory, instead a fully inductive approach was used to unearth rich empirical data. Second, how might sex based characteristics or prevailing gender norms or gender roles serve as barriers or enablers to the uptake of evidence-informed practices, programs, policies? Further, how these gendered tensions influence panel culture in the evaluation of impact beyond academia is also not well understood. Scholars continue to debate dichotomised paradigms or types of research or knowledge (Gibbons, 1999), which is emblematic of an undercurrent of epistemological hierarchy of the value of different kinds of knowledge. The interviews were 3060min long and participants were sourced via the research offices at both sites. Stud High Educ 19(2):151162, Bellas ML (1999) Emotional labor in academia: the case of professors. One simply includes gender as one of the barriers to optimal clinical practice under the category health care professional/physician barriers [18] and the other includes a footnote about a study they were citing, that a fourth factor, gender of participants, was also related to program outcomes but was not included in their subsequent analysis [19]. A qualitative study based on reactive believability scores by gender would serve as an insightful look into how female bias is constructed and why." I'd love to do a research paper on the pathology of female tribalism and biased behaviors. Scholars continue to reflect on science as a gendered endeavour (Amncio, 2005). Measuring the way sex and gender influences these interventions may help elucidate potential mechanisms and contexts behind the success or failure of various IRP efforts, as shown in the examples above on tobacco cessation, healthy eating, depression and suicide, pain, heart disease and domestic violence. People vary in their ethnicity, class, gender, disability, age, and sexual orientation, as the Research Governance document tells us; they also vary in their class, urban or rural status, and in subcultures (such as the "drug culture" or the "gun culture"). Scholars have long attempted to consider the commonalities and differences across certain kinds of knowledge (Becher, 1989, 1994; Biglan, 1973a) and attempts to categorise, divide and harmonise the disciplines have been made (Biglan, 1973a, 1973b; Becher, 1994; Caplan, 1979; SchommerAikins et al., 2003). Google Scholar, Gromkowska-Melosik A (2014) The masculinization of identity among successful career women? Pelletier R, Ditto B, Pilote L. A composite measure of gender and its association with risk factors in patients with premature acute coronary syndrome. The Cochrane Collaborations Methods Equity group. Gender identity affects our feelings and behaviors. The assumption here is that academic performance and the metrics used to value, and evaluate it, are heavily gendered in a way that benefits men over women, reflecting current disparities within the HE workforce. Chubb, J., Derrick, G.E. Considering sex and gender should be an essential component of IRP. Below the two data sets and the steps involved in analysing and integrating findings are described along with our theoretical positioning within the feminist literature Where verbatim quotation is used, we have labelled the participants according to each study highlighting their role and gender. These genderqueer respondents do not want to switch their sex categoryinstead, they reject the belief that they must be gendered at all, even in how they adorn and inhabit their body. Scheim AI, Bauer GR. Similarly, how might gender relations as a function of dyads or interpersonal dynamics within an organization, community, workplace or institution influence the outcome of the intervention? Realist evaluators may wish to examine sex and gender through the lens of this Context-Mechanism-Outcomes configuration for the evaluation of new initiatives, programs and scale-up [71, 72]. Because what is measured is more likely to be prioritised and evidence gathered against indicators can help make the case that gender issues should be taken seriously. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0128000, Article Available from: Dalkin SM, Greenhalgh J, Jones D, Cunningham B, Lhussier M. Whats in a mechanism? 688. Teach High Educ 15(6):623636, Kretschmer H, Kretschmer T (2013) Gender bias and explanation models for the phenomenon of womens discriminations in research careers. Gender is more complex, and can be operationalized along four different constructs: gender roles, gender identity, gender relations and institutionalized gender [6, 28, 31, 32]. This study, stratified by race and gender, allowed the team to . The Gender Advisory Group to the European Framework Program for Research and Innovation also mandates the Gender Dimension across all sectors [9]. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0247-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This would identify any discipline-specific risk towards an Impact a-gender. In our new Handbook of the Sociology of Gender, my co-editors Carissa Froyum and William Scarborough, and the authors of individual chapters, show just how much gender matters for every aspect of our social lives. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. (2018) to examine, acknowledge and therefore amend how the range of policies within HE and how implicit power dynamics in policymaking produce gender inequalities. These inequalities cannot be fully understood without studying in context, the practices, discourses, histories, and identities they are made of. Because Ive never felt that Ive not been taken seriously because Im a woman, but something happened recently and I thought, oh, youre not taking me seriously because Im a woman. J Appl Psychol 57(3):204, Bird S, Litt J, Wang Y (2004) Creating status of women reports: Institutional housekeeping as Womens Work. In both data sets presumptions of Impact as either soft or hard by both researchers and evaluators were found to be gendered. In: WHO Gender Mainstreaming Manual for Health Managers: a practical approach. High Educ 78(2):257271, Heaton J (1998) Secondary analysis of qualitative data. This paper also raises the question that notions of gender in relation to Impact persist irrespective of the identities assumed for the purposes of its evaluation (i.e., as a peer reviewer). Our research shows that when describing Impact, it was not necessarily the masculinity or femininity of the researcher that was emphasised by participants, rather researchers made gendered presumptions around the type of Impact, or the activity used to generate it as either masculine or feminine. can be used to explore concepts of institutionalized gender, and to gain a more in-depth understanding of gender as a barrier or enabler. processes of reasoning or reflection) equally applicable across sexes, genders and other intersecting variables? In addition, his tendency to seek various numeric indicators for measuring, and therefore assessing Impact (predominantly economic impact), as well as compressing its realisation to a small period of time (suddenly) in a causal fashion, was more commonly expressed in male evaluators. The vast majority of men would not consider thats a role of the university. Crit Inquiry 38(3):599629, Lundine J, Bourgeault IL, Clark J, Heidari S, Balabanova D (2019) Gender bias in academia. The article concludes with a recommendation that the Impact a-gender be explored more thoroughly as a necessary step towards guiding against gender- bias in the academic evaluation, and reward system. Questions to ask when appraising an implementation research or practice initiative for inclusion of sex and gender considerations. 4 Altmetric Metrics Abstract Background Gender discrimination is any unequal treatment of a person based on their sex. American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, Williams BAO (2002) Truth & truthfulness: An essay in genealogy. Vijayakumar shows that, while the formation of collective identity plays a crucial role in social movements, constructing a collective identity among sex workers is contingent on various factors, all of which revolve around the ways cis and trans women experience sex as work, including the different constraints they face in openly identifying as sex workers. The acronym PROGRESS can be used to remember these variables: place of residence, race/ethnicity/culture/language, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social capital [38]. This is a good example of how even our definition of biological facts are shaped by an ideological assumption that there are two and only two possible sex categories. To some of them, it seems womens work. Gender stereotypes and discrimination: how sexism impacts development. When critically appraising the publications of implementation research, reviewers should increasingly ask whether the reports consider sex and gender during a studys life cycle, and if so, how? 6, No. It notes how researchers use loaded terminology around hard, and soft when conceptualising Impact that is reminiscent of long-standing associations between epistemological domains of research and notions of masculinity/femininity. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Sex and gender diversity among transgender persons in Ontario, Canada: results from a respondent-driven sampling survey. Statistical variables are classified into two broad classes based on their measurement level: qualitative variables, also called categorical variables (for example, sex, marital status,. Correspondence to (Panel 6, Outputs and Impact, Male). The scales in Table1 list measures that can be used to quantify different dimensions of gender. Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment. Cite this article, A Correction to this article was published on 19 May 2020. Those who self-professed that their research was soft or woolly felt that their research was less likely to qualify as having hard impact in REF termsFootnote 3; instead, they claimed their research would impact socially, as opposed to economically; stuff thats on a flaky edgeits very much about social engagement (Languages, Australia, Professor, Male). In March 2020, the European Union adopted its Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025, which provides a framework to advance gender equality in Europe and beyond. Impact of Social Sciences Blog, Zinken J, Hellsten I, Nerlich B (2008) Discourse metaphors. Refers to how we interact with or are treated by people in the world around us, based on our ascribed or experienced gender. Women musicians may be initially accepted, but they are tested and evaluated in ways that men are not and may require the support of a well-established man in the scene; more often than not, assumptions about what women are physically capable of limits how far they can make it in the industry. Zhu LL, Brescoli VL, Newman GE, Uhlmann EL. Available at: Better science with sex and gender: a primer for health research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Paulus JK, Switkowski KM, Allison GM, Connors M, Buchsbaum RJ, Freund KM, Blazey-Martin D (2016) Where is the leak in the pipeline? How research evidence is labelled as excellent and therefore trustworthy, is heavily dictated by an evaluation process that is perceived as impartial and fair. That is actually not surprising since about a third of the submissions we receive focus on gender and/or sexualities. In todays world, everything is in flux. Soc Stud Sci 23(2):325341, Santos G, Phu S (2019) Dang van gender and academic rank in the UK. Hirsh AT, Hollingshead NA, Matthias MS, Bair MJ, Kroenke K. The influence of patient sex, provider sex, and sexist attitudes on pain treatment decisions. Do a range of gender identities need to be considered when asking the question, for whom does this implementation strategy work and under which circumstances?. Gender and sexuality encompass (often binary) sets of categories related to the meanings assigned to assumed reproductive capacities made explicit in the everyday and inscribed into the unconscious, as well as the malleable and fluctuating content of those categories. Whatever our ideologies, we must all adapt to organizations and institutions that are based on the presumption that ideal workers should be entirely and uniquely committed to the business at hand, policies that reward the typically male life course, and historically masculine privilege of having a domestic wife. So I dont think metrics are that helpful actually if and until youve got a real issue to be able to make a decision. As a White cis female researcher, I am often asked about my capacity to conduct meaningful, credible, and safe research with men. They in turn may be held in low esteem. For example, examining the outcome of implementing a multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program merits asking whether women or men have less time to devote to recovery and prevention activities due to gender-based expectations regarding their responsibilities at home. Do cognitive and emotional learning strategies differ across sexes or genders, and if so how? The basics Typically, a variable can describe either a quantitative or qualitative characteristic of an individual. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Bem SL. Hope is double-edged; false hope can set you on a collision course with despair. Internet Explorer). This negates the motivation behind a broad Impact definition and evaluation as inclusive since unconscious bias towards women can still operate if left unchecked and unmanaged. Some of the female panellists reflected that this resulted not only in a hyper-awareness of ones own identity and value as a woman on the panel, but also implicitly associating the role that a female panellist would play in generating the evaluation. Such debates date back to the heated back and forth between scholars Snow (Snow, 2012) and literary critic Leavis who argued for their own cultures of knowledge. A majority of Japanese also hold this view, though 34% . Instead, the deciding factor in resolving arguments would be the responsibility, primarily, of a hard concept of quality as dictated by a numerical value; Read the paper, judge the quality, judge the originality, the rigour, the impactif you have to because youre in dispute with another assessor, then reflect on these other metrics. Taking a social constructionist approach to gender, the authors emphasize that the task of the researcher is to investigate how gender//s is//are defined, negotiated and performed by people themselves within specific situations and . How might the outcomes of implementation interventions differ by sex and gender according to whether the degree to which the geographic setting is culturally homogeneous, diverse or gender equitable?
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