This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. When the tube is made of a material to which the liquid molecules are strongly attracted, they will spread out completely on the surface, which corresponds to a contact angle of 0. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. However, in mercury, th cohesive force are stronger than the adhesive forces. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. forces with other molecules in all directions. has a convex shape because the cohesive forces in liquid mercury tend to Mercury atoms form hydrogen bonds with each other. Why Metternich said when France sneezes the rest of Europe catches cold? Surface tension, which arises due to the Mercury metal is more attracted to itself than to the walls of the glass manometer. When water is placed in a graduated cylinder, the adhesive forces between the water and the glass are stronger than the cohesive forces between the water molecules. A steel needle carefully placed on water will float. What causes a glass tube to form an inverted meniscus? results from an imbalance of intermolecular attractive forces, the cohesive As Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) shows, the more structurally complex are the molecules in a liquid and the stronger the IMFs between them, the more difficult it is for them to move past each other and the greater is the viscosity of the liquid. Answer Verified 185.1k + views Hint: A meniscus can ascend or descend. This occurs with water and a glass tube. forces between molecules: A microscopic view of water illustrates the difference between molecules Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Water meniscus is concave, mercury meniscus is convex. It does not store any personal data. If the adhesive forces between water molecules and the molecules of the surface are weak compared to the cohesive forces between the water molecules, the water does not wet the surface. 1 Why does mercury have a convex meniscus while water is concave? This occurs with water and a glass tube. When liquid mercury is confined in a tube, its surface (meniscus) has a convex shape because the cohesive forces in liquid mercury tend to draw it into a drop. It has to do with the fact that the water molecules within this liquid are attracted to each other. Meniscus refers to the curved upper surface of a liquid in a vertical tube. How far away should your wheels be from the curb when parallel parking? A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other than to the container, as with mercury and glass. Why water attains concave meniscus whereas mercury attains convex meniscus give reasons? have very small adhesive forces with water , and if you make a container out of these you will get a convex meniscus with water, too. The meniscus plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of the knee joint along with optimizing the tibiofemoral load transfer and distribution. Why might a consumer buy locally sourced food? Differentiate between concave meniscus and convex meniscus. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Why does Mercury have a concave meniscus? You can get a concave and convex meniscus. Why does water stick to glass but mercury does not? Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Adhesive forces between the molecules of a liquid and different molecules composing a surface in contact with the liquid are responsible for phenomena such as surface wetting and capillary rise. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. There are two types of meniscus lenses- concave and convex. For a flat meniscus, make sure the liquid is level. The surface tension of a liquid results from an imbalance of intermolecular attractive forces, the cohesive forces between molecules: A molecule in the bulk liquid experiences cohesive forces with other molecules in all directions. at the surface of a liquid and water molecules within a liquid. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 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In such a case, the liquid forms a concave meniscus. Some insects, like the one shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\), even though they are denser than water, move on its surface because they are supported by the surface tension. How far the blood goes up the tube depends on the diameter of the tube (and the type of fluid). Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Wetness is the ability of a liquid to adhere to the surface of a solid, so when we say that something is wet, we mean that the liquid is sticking to the surface of a material. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. When liquid mercury is confined in a tube, its surface (meniscus) has a convex shape because the cohesive forces in liquid mercury tend to draw it into a drop. 1 Why does mercury have a convex meniscus while water is concave? Conversely, a convex meniscus occurs when the particles in the liquid have a stronger attraction to each other than to the material of the container. When you have mercury liquid in a container, why is the meniscus upside down compared to all other liquids? The strong adhesive forces between the water and the glass, pull the sides of the water upwards along the glass forming a concave shaped meniscus. 5 Which way does a convex meniscus curve? | Angle of contact: Obtuse, zero and 90 degree | 2020 Your Physics Class 4.82K subscribers Subscribe 2.1K views 2 years ago Mechanical Properties of. Complete answer: Why? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Have feedback to give about this text? arrow_forward Some people at a certain age develop both myopic and hyperopic defects. A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other than to the container, as with mercury and glass. Why does the meniscus in mercury curve downward? This is due to the refraction. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 6 What kind of meniscus does mercury form? Why is the liquid curve in a graduated cylinder called? Mercury has a density of 13.5 g/mL, which is about 13.5 times denser than water (1.0 g/mL), so a small amount of mercury like this feels unexpectedly heavy. It all depends on if the molecules of the liquid are more attracted to the outside material or to themselves. The molecules at The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Of course if you use a PTFE container (and you can do so) you could form a convex meniscus with most liquids. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". What type of meniscus has mercury? A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other than to the container, as with mercury and glass. There is only one liquid having higher surface tension and thats mercury which is a liquid metal with a surface tension of almost 500 mN/m. When you have mercury liquid in a container, why is the meniscus upside down compared to all other liquids? What type of substance doesn't have a consistent volume: liquid, solid, or gas? When you have mercury liquid in a container, why is the meniscus upside down compared to all other liquids? A flat meniscus occurs when water in some types of plastic tubes; tubes made out of material that water does not stick to. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\): Wine wicks up a paper towel (left) because of the strong attractions of water (and ethanol) molecules to the OH groups on the towels cellulose fibers and the strong attractions of water molecules to other water (and ethanol) molecules (right). A surface boundary that is curved due to surface tension is called a meniscus. The meniscus that forms in a glass tube is caused by water adhesion to the polar molecules in the glass. A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules have a stronger attraction to each other than to the container, as with mercury and glass. The nature of curve whether upward (convex) or downward (concave) depends on the surface tension the liquid and its adhesion capacity to the wall of the container. What causes water to have a convex meniscus? *Impurities present in a liquid appreciably affect surface tension. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Among common liquids, water exhibits a distinctly high surface tension due to strong hydrogen bonding between its molecules. [Note: Option (4) is incorrect; the excess pressure (= 2T/r) is more for the mercury drop which has a higher value of surface tension]. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Science. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Mercury makes a convex meniscus at the interface between the mercury and a dry surface. It is partly by capillary action occurring in plant cells called xylem that water and dissolved nutrients are brought from the soil up through the roots and into a plant. Why is the meniscus of mercury curved downwards? Found a typo and want extra credit? This occurs between water and glass. 1 Why does water have a concave meniscus and mercury a convex meniscus? Adhesion of water to the walls of the capillary tube will lead to an upward force on the liquid at the edges. When liquid mercury is confined in a tube, its surface (meniscus) area of a liquid by a unit of area. Water, gasoline, and other liquids that flow freely have a low viscosity. The viscosity of a liquid is a measure of its resistance to flow. A meniscus is a curve formed on the upper surface of a liquid inside a container. In anatomy and medicine, a meniscus is a crescent-shaped or semi-lunar structure that partially divides the cavity of a joint. 2 Answers. container then you will see a "convex meniscus." This is due to the greater cohesive force within the mercury atoms compared to the adhesive force between the mercury atoms and measuring cylinder. A meniscus can go up or down. In contrast, a convex meniscus curves upward; if you are looking down into the container, the meniscus curves toward you. The meniscus (plural: menisci, from the Greek for "crescent") is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, caused by surface tension. An official website of the United States government. The strong cohesive forces within the mercury pull it together forming a convex shaped meniscus. There are two types of meniscus lenses- concave and convex.
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