[24]:page: 9, In 1698, Zanzibar came under the influence of the Sultanate of Oman. [84] The months in between receive less rain, with a minimum in July. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). In 1503 or 1504, Zanzibar became part of the Portuguese Empire when Captain Ruy Loureno Ravasco Marques landed and demanded and received tribute from the sultan, in exchange for peace. [143], Cricket was historically popular in Zanzibar. In April 1964, the republic merged with mainland Tanganyika. [citation needed]. Tourism in Zanzibar is a more recent activity, driven by government promotion that caused an increase from 19,000 tourists in 1985,[7] to 376,000 in 2016. There is also rewarding diving off-shore from Stone Town, with soft and hard corals and wreck dives. The remainder are earth roads, which are rehabilitated annually to make them passable throughout the year. What is the Swahili name for Zanzibar? The church created a diocese here shortly before Easter 1980. On 29 October 1964, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibarwas renamed the United Republic of Tanzania. There are five ports in the islands of Unguja and Pemba, all operated and developed by the Zanzibar Ports Corporation. Six of the 25 people aboard lost their lives. Over the next few years, however, almost all of these mainland possessions were lost to European imperial powers. Every July, this event showcases the best of the Swahili Coast arts scene, including Zanzibar's favorite music, taarab.[129]. The northern tip of Unguja island is located at 5.72 degrees south, 39.30 degrees east, with the southernmost point at 6.48 degrees south, 39.51 degrees east. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendois, Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited, "President's Office and Chairman of Revolutionary Council, Zanzibar", "Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Zanzibar", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Tourism in Zanzibar: Incentives for sustainable management of the coastal environment", "Tanzania: Number of Tourists to Zanzibar Doubles As Tourist Hotels Improve Service Delivery", "Zanzibar forms Airports Authority, modernises aviation infrastructure", "Zanzibar Leopard Captured on Camera, Despite Being Declared Extinct", "Extinct 'Evil' Zanzibar Leopard Seen Alive in Tanzania", "Geographical characterization of the Zanzibar coastal zone and its management perspectives", "When did the Swahili become Maritime? The similarity to contemporary sites such as Mkokotoni and Dar es Salaam indicates a unified group of communities that developed into the first center of coastal maritime culture. Zanzibar's main industries are spices, raffia and tourism. [105][106] The main airport on the island is Zanzibar International Airport, though many tourists fly into Dar es Salaam and take a ferry to the island. Since most Asian traders were Muslim, their children inherited their paternal ethnic identity, though East African matrilineal traditions remained key. This can be attributed to the aggressive policy of Swahilisation. From 21 May to 19 June 2008, Unguja suffered a major failure of its electricity system, which left the island without electrical service and mostly dependent on diesel generators. About one third of them live in and around Jozani Forest. and Performance Review and Social Budget", Social Security Department, International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland, January 2010, page 22. In 1822, Captain Moresby, the British consul in Muscat pressed Sultan Said to end the slave trade by signing Moresby treaty. It is 53 miles (85 km) at its greatest length and 24 miles (39 km) broad. But in 1873, Sir John Kirk informed his successor, Sultan Barghash, that a total blockade of Zanzibar was imminent, and Barghash reluctantly signed the Anglo-Zanzibari treaty which abolished the slave trade in the sultan's territories, closed all slave markets and protected liberated slaves. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [citation needed], Zanzibar has one AM radio station[135] and 21 FM radio stations.[136]. The long rains occur between March and May and the short rains between October and December. [46], Around two-thirds of the people, 622,459, lived on Unguja (Zanzibar Island), with most settled in the densely populated west. [76], The autonomous status of Zanzibar is viewed as comparable to Hong Kong as suggested by some scholars, and with some recognizing the island as an "African Hong Kong". Zanzibar, Swahili Unguja, island in the Indian Ocean, lying 22 miles (35 km) off the coast of east-central Africa. Isolated on this island for at least 1,000 years, this colobus is recognized as a distinct species, with different coat patterns, calls, and food habits from related colobus species on the mainland. Raised sands and sandstones also occur, together with varied residual deposits similar to alluvial strata on the adjacent mainland. In 1992, the government designated two export-producing zones and encouraged the development of offshore financial services. Local elites invited Omani merchant princes to settle in Zanzibar in the first half of the nineteenth century, preferring them to the Portuguese. The Zanzibar Football Association also has a Premier League for the top clubs, which was created in 1981. As there is no fixed schedule, it is not possible to book tickets in advance (with the exception of The Zanzibus). In the 1950s and 1960s, the island hosted touring teams from England, India, Pakistan, South Africa and Uganda,[144] but the sport declined following the 1964 revolution. The rainfall regime is split into two main seasons, a primary maximum in March, April, and May in association with the southwest monsoon (known locally as Kusi in Kiswahili), and a secondary maximum in November and December. The Portuguese then came in the 16th century and conquered all the seaports on the eastern African coast, including Mombasa, the richest and most powerful, as well as such islands as Zanzibar and parts of the Arabian coast, including the Omani capital of Muscat. Two years later, in 1965, Dar es Salaam became a separate diocese. It is situated on the Swahili Coast, adjacent to Tanganyika (mainland Tanzania). This page was last edited on 15 June 2023, at 18:09. [118] After a long legal battle, the company was required in 2005 by the International Court of Arbitration to pay Zanzibar US$11.6 million in damages. The Portuguese presence was relatively limited, leaving administration in the hands of preexisting local leaders and power structures. Extensive weathering of the limestones combined with erosion and earth movements have resulted in a variety of soils including red earths, loams, clays, and sands. It consists of the island of Zanzibar or Unjuga, Pemba as well as smaller neighbouring islands . [99], The Government of Zanzibar legalized foreign exchange bureaux on the islands before mainland Tanzania moved to do so. Important architectural features in Stone Town are the Livingstone house, The Old dispensary of Zanzibar, the Guliani Bridge, Ngome kongwe (The Old fort of Zanzibar) and the House of Wonders. In places the coral is overlain by shallow red earth or alluvium. As with most of East African transport, the buses do not run on set schedules instead departing when full. Under the sultan Barghash (reigned 187088), however, Great Britain and Germany divided most of Zanzibars territory on the African mainland between them and secured economic control over the remaining coastal strip. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Zanzibar-island-Tanzania, Zanzibar - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Zanzibar - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), eastern Africa: major states, peoples, and trade routes c. 1850, eastern Africa: imperial partitions, late 19th and early 20th centuries. Insect pests such as the coreid bug (Pseudotheraptus wayi), which attacks coconuts, and animal pests and parasites, such as tsetse fly and ticks (which transmit east coast fever to cattle), have been the subject of research and control. Omissions? In time, Tib became one of the wealthiest men in Zanzibar, the owner of multiple plantations and 10,000 slaves. It was initially administered under a military occupation regime. It's generous to call the Anglo-Zanzibar War a "war." The entire conflict lasted less than an hour and the victory was ludicrously one-sided, yet this 1896 standoff between the British Royal Navy and a stubborn sultan is commonly cited as the shortest . What is Zanzibar now called? [10][11] Pressure from the tourist industry and fishing as well as larger threats such as sea level rise caused by climate change are creating increasing environmental concerns throughout the region.[12]. 713,000. They are accustomed to people and the low vegetation means they come close to the ground. The effect was to increase the availability of consumer commodities. During Zanzibar's brief period of independence in the early 1960s, the major political cleavage was between the Shirazi (Zanzibar Africans), who made up approximately 56% of the population, and the Zanzibar Arabsthe bulk of whom arrived from Oman in the 1800smade up approximately 17%. [77], Nowadays, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendois (ACT-Wazalendo) is considered the main opposition political party of semi-autonomous Zanzibar. The British First Minister of Zanzibar, Lloyd . Traders from the Arabian Peninsula, the Persian Gulf region of modern-day Iran (especially Shiraz), and west India probably visited Zanzibar as early as the 1st century. Zanzibar is part of the Roman Catholic Province of Dar es Salaam, under the Archbishop of Dar es Salaam. Zanzibar is dominated by a tropical low land humid type of climate with an average annual rainfall of 1700mm and mean maximum temperature of 260C, which provide suitable conditions for production . [51] The first permanent residents of Zanzibar seem to have been the ancestors of the Bantu Hadimu and Tumbatu, who began arriving from the African Great Lakes mainland around AD 1000. What is Zanzibar called today? Tanzania, East African country situated just south of the Equator. ZANZIBAR. The extent of their occupation was a trade depot where produce was purchased and collected for shipment to Mozambique. The houses were continually rebuilt with more permanent materials. Houses were originally built with timber (circa 1050) and later in mud with coral walls (circa 1150). Until around 1890, the sultans of Zanzibar controlled a substantial portion of the Swahili coast known as Zanj, which included Mombasa and Dar es Salaam. It is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 2550km (1631mi) off the coast of the African mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba Island. Zanzibar has 1,600 kilometres (990mi) of roads, of which 85 percent are tarmaced or semi-tarmaced. The first immigrants were the Africans; the next were the Persians, who began to land in Zanzibar in the 10th century and who, over a brief period, became absorbed into the local population and disappeared as a separate group. Northeast trade winds blow from December to March and southeast trade winds from May to October. Stone Town is the main hub for Daladalas on Zanzibar and nearly all journeys will either start or end here. (2007 est.) The southern and eastern portions of Zanzibar Island have been mainly populated by a Bantu-speaking people known as the Hadimu. The main port at Malindi, which handles 90 percent of Zanzibar's trade, was built in 1925. An apostolic vicariate of Zanzibar had been established in 1906, from a much larger East African jurisdiction. The dialect of Swahili spoken in Zanzibar is called kiunguja. Higher ground is gently undulating and gives rise to a few small rivers, which flow west to the sea or disappear in the coral country. There are no large wild animals in Unguja. While the Portuguese travelers describe them as "black", they made a clear distinction between the Muslim and non-Muslim populations. [citation needed], There is no government-owned public transportation in Zanzibar. The considerable amount of daub found indicates timber buildings, and shell beads, bead grinders, and iron slag have been found at the site. Tib led huge expeditions, some 4,000 strong, into the African interior, where chiefs sold him their villagers for next to nothing. Zanzibar ( / znzbr /; Swahili: Zanzibar; Arabic: , romanized : zanjibr) is an insular semi-autonomous province which united with Tanganyika in 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanzania. the Sea of Zanj. This means that the Zanzibar national football team is not eligible to enter national CAF competitions, such as the African Nations Cup, but Zanzibar's football clubs get representation at the CAF Confederation Cup and the CAF Champions League. The island saw use as a prison for rebellious slaves in 1860s and also functioned as a coral mine.. Severe overloading caused the ferry to sink. 25 Jun 2023 09:20:25 Before the development of eastern African mainland ports, Zanzibar was the trade focus of the region and enjoyed an important entrept trade. Mosquitoes breed freely during the rainy seasons. Zanzibar now ranks a distant third with Indonesia supplying 75 percent of the world's cloves compared to Zanzibar's 7 percent. [113][114], Between 70 and 75 percent of the electricity generated is used domestically while less than 20 percent is used industrially. [132] Because of longstanding opposition to television by President Julius Nyerere, the first television service on mainland Tanzania was not introduced until 1994. The archipelago's commerce gradually fell into the hands of traders from the Indian subcontinent, whom Said bin Sultan encouraged to settle on the islands. Kiunguja, which has a high percentage of Arabic loanwords, enjoys the status of Standard Swahili not in Tanzania only but also in other countries, where Swahili is spoken. [9] The island can be reached by flights operated by Air France, Auric Air,[125] Coastal Aviation,[126] Lufthansa, Ethiopian Airlines,[127] Kenya Airways,[128] FlyDubai, Mango (airline), Qatar Airways, Turkish Airlines and others. Because Zanzibar is not a member of FIFA, their team is not eligible for the FIFA World Cup. While much of Zanzibar Town's architecture was rebuilt during Omani rule, nearby sites elucidate the general development of Swahili, and Zanzibari, architecture before the 15th century. [115] Another blackout happened from 10 December 2009 to 23 March 2010, caused by a problem with the submarine cable that formerly supplied electricity from mainland Tanzania. Zanzibar is the realization of such a service, and Google presents a strong case as to why the properties of having permissions calculated in a service were important for Google. Both Zanzibar and Pemba are believed to have once formed part of the African continent, the separation of Pemba having occurred during the Miocene Epoch (about 23 to 5.3 million years ago) while Zanzibar dates from the Pliocene Epoch (about 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago) or even later. The 2002 census is the most recent census for which results have been reported. The rapid expansion of the slave trade in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, caused by the demand for plantation slaves in North and South America, made Zanzibar central to the slave (as well as the ivory) trade routes into the interior of Africa. Forested areas such as Jozani are inhabited by monkeys, bushpigs, small antelopes, African palm civets, and, as shown by a camera trap in June 2018,[10][11] the elusive leopard. Although a Bantu language, the Swahili language as a consequence today includes some borrowed elements, particularly loanwords from Arabic, though this was mostly a 19th-century phenomenon with the growth of Omani hegemony. Pentecostal-Charismatic churches have been present and growing in Zanzibar since the 1980s in relation to economic liberalization and increased labor migration from mainland Tanzania in connection to Zanzibar's expanding tourist sector. The northern portion of Zanzibar Island and the adjacent Tumbatu Island have been occupied by another Bantu-speaking people known as the Tumbatu. Since 1992, there has also been judo in Zanzibar. [17] Zanzibar, like the nearby coast, was settled by Bantu speakers at the outset of the first millennium. Arabs had the deepest influence on Zanzibar, because the islands position made it a perfect entrept for Arabs mounting slave expeditions into Africa and conducting oceangoing commerce. Portugal had long considered Pemba to be a troublesome launching point for rebellions in Mombasa against Portuguese rule. Zanzibar profile. [93], The northern part of the island presents elevated volumes of trash in the streets, beaches and the oceanmostly plastic bottles, other plastics and cigarette butts. [20] This interaction between Central African and Indian Ocean cultures contributed in part to the evolution of the Swahili culture, which developed an Arabic-script literary tradition. Zanzibar still imports much of its staple requirements, petroleum products, and manufactured articles. Its historic centre, Stone Town, is a World Heritage Site. In 2000 there were 207 government schools and 118 privately owned schools in Zanzibar. [23]:page: 99 Zanzibar remained a possession of Portugal for almost two centuries. On 10 December 1963,[41] the Protectorate that had existed over Zanzibar since 1890 was terminated by the United Kingdom. Zanzibar, Swahili Unguja, island in the Indian Ocean, lying 22 miles (35 km) off the coast of east-central Africa. Zanzibars history was greatly shaped by its geography, the prevailing winds of the region placing it directly on the Indian Ocean trade routes and making it accessible to both traders and colonists from Arabia, south Asia, and the African mainland. This United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar was soon renamed, blending the two names, as the United Republic of Tanzania, within which Zanzibar remains an autonomous region. the United Republic of Tanzania In April 1964, the republic merged with mainland Tanganyika. In the mid-19th century, as many as 50,000 slaves passed annually through the port. The archipelago, sometimes referred to by locals as the Spice Islands, was famous worldwide for its cloves and other spices, and plantations were developed to grow them. These Tib used to caravan ivory back to Zanzibar, then sold them in the slave market for large profits. [70], Violence erupted again after another contested election on 31 October 2005, with the CUF claiming that its rightful victory had been stolen from it. Various species of mongoose can also be found on the island. There are two main Dala Dala stations in Stone Town: Darajani market and Mwanakwerekwe market. ZANZIBAR. The general impression of Zanzibar when approached from the mainland is of a long, low island with small ridges along its central northsouth axis. Approximately 2,000 temporarily fled to Kenya. Oil would help boost the economy of Zanzibar,[citation needed] but there have been disagreements about dividends between the Tanzanian mainland and Zanzibar, the latter claiming the oil should be excluded in Union matters. Zanzibar is one of the Indian Ocean islands. Archaeological finds at Fukuchani, on the northwest coast of Zanzibar, indicate a settled agricultural and fishing community from the 6th century at the latest. In 2004, the three institutions had a total enrollment of 948 students, of whom 207 were female. In 1890 Zanzibar became a protectorate (not a colony) of Britain. This system lasted until 1631, when the Sultan of Mombasa massacred the Portuguese inhabitants. United Republic of Tanzania Secondly, what is the Zanzibar? Most choose to seek employment or attend teacher's colleges. [35], Ships from the Royal Navy were employed to enforce the anti-slavery treaties by capturing any dhows carrying slaves, but with only four ships patrolling a huge area of sea, the British navy found it hard to enforce the treaties as ships from France, Spain, Portugal, and America continued to carry slaves. [21][22], Vasco da Gama's visit in 1498 marked the beginning of European influence. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The brief battle between Khlids supporters and the British Royal Navy took less than an hour and is considered the shortest war in recorded history. The founder, Tsuyoshi Shimaoka, established a team that participates in national and international competitions. The purpose of the Portuguese, however, was largely commercial rather than politically imperial, and, when their power dwindled in the course of the 17th century, they left few marks of their stay. It is situated on the Swahili Coast, adjacent to Tanganyika (mainland Tanzania ). Throughout the 19th century, and after, they were expropriated from the western and more fertile parts of the island by later arrivals, notably Arabs. [37], The relationship between Britain and the German Empire, at that time the nearest relevant colonial power, was formalized by the 1890 HeligolandZanzibar Treaty, in which Germany agreed to "recognize the British protectorate over the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba".[38]. Changuu Island (also known as Kibandiko, Prison or Quarantine Island) is a small island 5.6 km (3.5 mi) northwest of Stone Town, Unguja, Zanzibar, Tanzania.The island is around 800 m (2,600 ft) long and 230 m (750 ft) wide at its broadest point. The most notable of these took place in April 2008, when the CUF walked away from the negotiating table following a CCM call for a referendum to approve of what had been presented as a done deal on the power-sharing agreement. [29]:page: 188 What is the capital of Zanzibar called? The highest point of the central ridge system is Masingini, 390 feet (119 m) above sea level. The bishop is Augustine Ndeliakyama Shao. [46] There are also a number of Arabs, as well as some ethnic Persian, Somalis, and Indian people. The failure originated in mainland Tanzania. [17]:page: 89, The Portuguese arrived in East Africa in 1498, where they found several independent towns on the coast, with Muslim Arabic-speaking elites. "Nine killed in Zanzibar election violence", "Tanzanian Affairs ZANZIBAR A BIG DISAPPOINTMENT", "Zanzibar: 2010 Constitutional referendum results", "Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government", "The Allure Of Zanzibar Island | Zanzibar Tourism And Economic Climate", "Water Quality and Eutrophication: The Effects of Sewage Outfalls on Waters and Reefs Surrounding Stone Town, Zanzibar", "Island Subsistence: Hunting, Trapping and the Translocation of Wildlife in the Western Indian Ocean", "Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010", National Bureau of Statistics, Dar es Salaam, published April 2011, page 120, "Crude birth rate (births per 1000 population)", "Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey 20152016 Final Report", Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) 20162017: Final Report, "Adaptation of Seaweed Farmers in Zanzibar to the Impacts of Climate Change", "Tourism and Governance in Small Island Developing States (SIDS): The Case of Zanzibar: Tourism and Governance in Zanzibar", "Tourism in Zanzibar: Challenges for pro-poor growth", "Ambassador Lenhardt Participates in Ceremony to Install 100 Megawatt Submarine Power to Zanzibar", 132kV Sabmarine Cable Zanzibar Iterconnector at Ras Kiromoni and Ras Fumba, "Tanzania: Reliable Power to Accelerate Development in Isles President Ali", "Zanzibar Power: Electrical And Political Shortages", Cable from the United States Embassy in Dar Es Salaam to the United States Secretary of State, "Nexans Completes Subsea Cable Link to Provide Reliable Power for Pemba Island in Zanzibar New 25 MVA Link to Mainland Grid Has Enabled the Local Population to End Years of Dependence on Unreliable Diesel Generators", "Reliable electricity attracts investors to Pemba", "Zanzibar's Three-Month Blackout Indian Ocean islands Go for 90 Days Without Power, Causing Business Problems and Water Shortages", "Fire Guts Passenger Ferry in Dar es Salaam", "Confirmed: 2,900 People Died in Zanzibar's Ferry Tragedy", "Zanzibar Ferry Disaster: Hopes Fade for Missing", "Tanzania: Overloading Blamed for Ill-Fated Boat", AM radio stations in Tanzania: Directory of AM radio stations in Zanzibar West region, "Education in Zanzibar Southern and Eastern African Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality", "Other matches played on Scyyid Khalifa Ground, Zanzibar", "New efforts to revive cricket in Zanzibar", "The wonders of Zanzibar's Stone Town The Spectator", "Exclusive interview: Freddie Mercury's mother on her 'dear boy', Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar, Current and forecast weather for Zanzibar, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zanzibar&oldid=1160315659, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1963, Former observer states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2014, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from December 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from December 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, All Wikipedia articles written in Tanzanian English, Pages using infobox political division with unknown parameters, Articles containing Swahili (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0.
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