In addition to the above education- and employment-related variables, controlling for education, employment, demographics, and other characteristics includes the following indicators: nativity and citizenship, race and ethnic minority, marital status, disability, number of children living in the household, geographic region (classified into 9 U.S. Census divisions), and whether either parent holds a bachelor's or higher-level degree. Search NCSES to find data and reports. Can't Find What You Are Looking For? Section I presents data on energy-related scientists and engineers from the 1974 National Survey of Scientists and Engineers. Women in health occupations are employed primarily as nurse practitioners, pharmacists, registered nurses, dietitians, therapists, physician assistants, and health technologists and technicians; women represented the majority of workers in these particular health-related occupations. SRS 03-407 | November 17, 2002, Detailed Statistical Tables | For a particular graduating cohort of foreign-born noncitizen S&E doctorate recipients, the proportion of that cohort who report living in the United States a given number of years after receiving their degrees is an indicator of the cohorts stay rate. Most veterans with a bachelors or higher-level degree (57%) had earned their highest degree in a non-S&E field, followed by nearly a third in S&E and 12% in an S&E-related field. Women earn 9% less than men among S&E highest degree holders at the bachelors or doctoral level and 10% less at the masters level. Women accounted for 38% of S&E doctorates employed in academia in 2017, up from 25% in 1997, and accounted for 32% of full-time senior faculty (including full professors and associate professors) in 2017, up from 17% in 1997. What is the suggested citation for SESTAT data? The United States and the EU experienced steady growth but at a lower rate; the number of researchers grew 9% in the United States and 22% in the EU between 2009 and 2016. For example, the 10-year stay rate was based on the pooled proportion of the 2006, 2007, and 2008 cohorts who reported living in the United States in 2017. Salary differences represent estimated percentage differences in womens reported full-time annual salary relative to mens reported full-time annual salary as of February 2017 and in whites and Asians relative to all other races and ethnicities, respectively. They are based on an average from 3-year cohorts to reduce the error of the estimates. NSF 13-311 | January 7, 2013, InfoBriefs | NSF 19-307 | February 12, 2019, InfoBriefs | Stay rates for 2013, 2015, and 2017 are calculated using data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients. For example, the 10-year stay rate was based on the pooled proportion of the 2006, 2007, and 2008 cohorts who reported living in the United States in 2017. The number of women in S&E occupations or with S&E degrees has doubled over the past two decades (Table 3-16). Women are a larger share of S&E highest degree holders than of S&E occupations. OECD data covering substantial, internationally comparable segments of the S&E workforce provide strong evidence of its widespread, although uneven, growth in the worlds developed nations. Through 2010, NSRCG supplemented SESTAT with the inflow of U.S.- degreed bachelor's- and master's- level scientists and engineers. Women in the workforce and in S&E: 1993 and 2017. while the number of women tripled in this new, rapidly growing and changing field, they did not increase as much as the number of men. Foreign-born workers in S&E occupations, by education level: 1993, 2003, 2013, and 2017. In the case of computer and mathematical sciences, while the number of women tripled in this new, rapidly growing and changing field, they did not increase as much as the number of men. By Vidhya Shree Updated: Wednesday, May 3, 2017, 13:37 [IST] A scientist is someone, who has traits in any career, to pursue and excel within it. Related Research Abstract Data describing the characteristics of energy-related scientists and engineers in 1974 and 1975 are presented. H-1B visa recipients tend to possess a bachelors or higher-level degree (DHS/USCIS FY17 H-1B Workers: Table 7). . Estimated salary differences between whites and Asians and all other races and ethnicities employed full time with highest degree in S&E, controlling for selected characteristics, by degree level: 2017. The tabulations include characteristics of all U.S. scientists and engineers, employed scientists and engineers, and salaries information for scientists and engineers. Learn about the redesign of SESTAT. Adding these seven to the OECD member total for 2016 yields a worldwide estimate of 7.2 million researchers. Salary: The median annual wage for chemists is $79,430. Data for 1995 include some individuals with multiple races in each category. SRS 00-413 | October 17, 1999, Detailed Statistical Tables | In 1993, respondents could not classify themselves in more than one racial and ethnic category, and Asian included Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. Estimated number of researchers in selected regions, countries, or economies: 200916. Please update your browser to the latest release of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, or Edge. TITLE Characteristics of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the. NSF 12-311 | March 29, 2012, InfoBriefs | The SESTAT survey questionnaires are available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/question.cfm. Scientists are curious about their world. Students from China and India, the two largest source countries for U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients on temporary visas, have relatively high stay rates (Table 3-22). NSF 23-319 | January 27, 2023, InfoBriefs | Coefficients are estimated in an ordinary least squares regression model using the natural log of full-time annual salary as the dependent variable, then transformed into percentage difference. Foreign born is a broad category, ranging from long-term U.S. residents with strong roots in the United States to recent immigrants who compete in global job markets and whose main social, educational, and economic ties are in their places of birth. The data on doctoral. Updated on November 04, 2019 Some people say there is no difference between a scientist and an engineer, while other people think the two careers are totally separate from each other. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG), 2017, and the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR), 2017. The "SESTAT Virtual Tour" tutorial introduces the elements of SESTAT, including the surveys involved, publications and other products available, and the SESTAT Data Tool. NSF 17-319 | June 28, 2017, InfoBriefs | In 2016, approximately 15% and 46% of S&E bachelors degrees earned by blacks and Hispanics, respectively, are from historically black colleges and universities and high Hispanic enrollment institutions (NCSES. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding. This integrated data system is a unique source of longitudinal information on the education and employment of the college-educated U.S. science and engineering workforce. S&E work is not limited to developed economies; it occurs throughout the world. The SDR further supplements SESTAT with the stock and inflow of U.S.-degreed doctoral level scientists and engineers. SRS 99-416 | December 17, 1998, Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) Home, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES), SBE Office of Multidisciplinary Activities(SMA), Prevalence of Certifications and Licenses among the College-Educated Population in the United States, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), 2013, Immigrants' Growing Presence in the U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce: Education and Employment Characteristics in 2013, Characteristics of the College-Educated Population and the Science and Engineering Workforce in the United States, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT), 2010, Employment and Educational Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers, Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2008, Diversity in Science and Engineering Employment in Industry, International Collaborations of Scientists and Engineers in the United States, Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2006, Unemployment Rate of U.S. Scientists and Engineers Drops to Record Low 2.5% in 2006, Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2003 (SESTAT). For example, some individuals may have job offers from employers in more than one country and may choose not to foreclose any options until a visa is certain. SESTAT was created by the National Science Foundation (NSF) to provide data for policy analysis and general research. Stay rates for 2013, 2015, and 2017 are calculated using data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Included are 20 NCSES-classified field-of-degree categories (out of 21 S&E fields), 38 NCSES-classified occupational categories (out of 39 categories), 6 NCSES-classified employment sector categories (out of 7 categories), years since highest degree, and years since highest degree squared. The SESTAT Data Tool gives users the ability to generate customized data tables and view technical documentation. The rising emphasis on developing S&E expertise and technical capabilities is a global phenomenon. The H-1B program allows companies in the United States to temporarily employ foreign workers in occupations that require the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge and a bachelors degree or higher (or its equivalent) in the specific specialty. Wing flexibility and complex wing kinematic A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Engineers are about 7% of the S&E workforce. SRS 03-407 | November 17, 2002, Detailed Statistical Tables | Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. H-1B visasThe H-1B program allows companies in the United States to temporarily employ foreign workers in occupations that require the theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge and a bachelors degree or higher (or its equivalent) in the specific specialty. National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG), 2017. All college educated includes professional degree holders not broken out separately. Doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and . Salaries vary by factors beyond education, occupation, and experience.For example, marital status, the presence of children, parental education, and other personal characteristics are often associated with salary differences. INSTITUTION National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA. Div. Salary differences represent the estimated percentage difference in women's average full-time salary relative to men's average full-time salary. Consistent with 5-year and 10-year stay rates, most foreign-born noncitizen recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates (including those on temporary and permanent visas) plan to stay in the United States immediately after graduation (Table S3-24). Doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and citizenship status: 1995. Flora Lan flan@nsf.gov, Doctoral Scientists and Engineers These data are collected through three biennial surveys: The NSCG is the core of SESTAT providing data on the U . These differences reflect a wide range of issues, including (but not limited to) factors affecting individual career- and education-related decisions, differences in how individuals balance family obligations and career aspirations, and productivity and human capital differences among workers that surveys do not measure. U.S. S&E Workforce: Definition, Size, and Growth, U.S. S&E Workforce: Relationship between Education and Occupation, Educational Background of Workers in S&E Occupations, Distribution of S&E Degree Holders by Occupation, Academic Employment of Science, Engineering, and Health Doctorate Holders, Scientists and Engineers Performing Research and Development, Working Involuntarily Out of Ones Field of Highest Degree, Demographics of the Skilled Technical Workforce, Labor Market Trends of the Skilled Technical Workforce, Salary Differences for Women and Racial and Ethnic Minorities, https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvydoctorates/, THE SKILLED TECHNICAL WORKFORCE: Crafting America's Science & Engineering Enterprise, NCSES Skilled Technical Workflorce Initiative, Related Products from the National Science Board, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). This lower representation signals a lack of diversity in the workplace, which may negatively impact productivity and innovation. 14. What should be the qualities of a good scientist? Census Bureau, ACS, Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS); National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, SESTAT and NSCG. Most foreign-born noncitizen recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates remain in the United States for subsequent employment. NSF 21-320 | April 27, 2021, InfoBriefs | General Inquiries NSF 00-308 | January 21, 2000, InfoBriefs | It provides information on individuals educated or employed in S&E fields as well as those educated or employed in non-S&E fields. In 2017, foreign-born S&E doctorate holders comprised nearly a third of the U.S.-trained academic doctoral workforce (30%) (Table S3-21). Relative to nonveterans, veterans were more likely to be older, male, and have a disability. Tweet This This fundamental knowledge. The analysis of salary differences suggests that attributes related to human capital (i.e., fields of education and occupation, employment sector, and experience) rather than socioeconomic and demographic attributes have a greater influence in explaining the salary differences observed among S&E highest degree holders by sex and across racial and ethnic groups. How is the confidentiality of the data preserved? Nirmala Kannankutty nkannak@nsf.gov. Hispanic may be any race; race categories exclude Hispanic origin. SESTAT contains data from three NSF-sponsored demographic surveys: the National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG), the National Survey of Recent College Graduates (NSRCG), and the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR). Despite these gains, the latest data show that women are underrepresented in general in S&E, with notable exceptions. Scientists and engineers include those with one or more S&E or S&E-related degrees at the bachelor's level or higher or those who have only a non-S&E degree at the bachelor's level or higher and are employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation. An official website of the United States government. For information on international labor force estimates, see sidebar Global S&E Labor Force.Stay rates from 2001 to 2011 are from Finn (2014) and are based on data obtained from the U.S. Social Security Administration. The proportions of white S&E workers and degree holders are similar to their proportion in the general populationthey comprise a little over two-thirds of each of these groups (Table 3-17). National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR), 2017. Coefficients are estimated in an ordinary least squares regression model using a natural log of full-time annual salary as the dependent variable. This question is part of the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED), which is administered to individuals receiving research doctoral degrees from all accredited U.S. institutions. For example, Asians are over-represented in S&E relative to their proportion of college-degree holders and the general population. All college graduates and overall population data are for employed individuals ages 25 or older from NCSES calculations using ACS 2017 Public Use Microdata Sample data. Steve Proudfoot sproudfo@nsf.gov, Licensing of Microdata Files The result has been an overall decline in the proportion of women, from 31% in 1993 to 27% in 2017. Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians or Alaska Natives together make up a greater share of the general population than they do of those receiving S&E degrees or working in S&E occupations. Although the overall trend was upward, this varied by country of citizenship at the time of degree. Temporary visa holders receiving S&E doctorates in 201113 and 200608 who were in the United States in 2017, by region, country, or economy of citizenship at time of degree. Controlling for the effects of differences in field of highest degree, degree-granting institution, field of occupation, employment sector, and experience,Included are 20 NCSES-classified field-of-degree categories (out of 21 S&E fields), 38 NCSES-classified occupational categories (out of 39 categories), 6 NCSES-classified employment sector categories (out of 7 categories), years since highest degree, and years since highest degree squared. Examples of degree fields and occupations are listed below. However, adding such measures as well as personal and family characteristics to education, occupation, and experience results in marginal changes in the estimated salary differences between men and women, and among racial and ethnic groups,In addition to the education- and employment-related variables, the following indicators are included in wage regression models: nativity and citizenship, marital status, disability, number of children living in the household, geographic region (classified into nine Census Bureau divisions), and whether either parent holds a bachelors or higher-level degree. Materials Scientist and Engineer Overview and Key Facts Education Bachelor's degree Median Pay $98,300 Job Growth 6.10% (Above US Average) Jobs in 2031 23,400 What Do They Do? Please update your browser to the latest release of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, or Edge. Supplemental Materials - All Formats .ZIP (5.5 MB). Not all data collected in SESTAT are available in public-use formats. Salaries also differ across employment sectors. Since 2017, the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) has been obtaining data on veteran status among those with a bachelors or higher-level degree. Take a brief survey to share your feedback. Since the early 1990s, the representation of women has grown in most S&E occupations with some notable exceptions. Veteran women were also younger than male veterans with median ages of 49 and 63, respectively. The availability of a suitable labor force is an important determinant of where businesses choose to locate S&E work (Davis and Hart 2010). For all types of temporary work visas, the actual number of individuals using them is less than the number issued. Controlling for education and employment includes 20 field-of-degree categories (out of 21 S&E fields), 38 occupational categories (out of 39 categories), 6 employment sector categories (out of 7 categories), years since highest degree, and years since highest degree squared. v t e A scientist is a person who researches to advance knowledge in an area of the natural sciences. It covers those with a bachelor's degree or higher who either work in or are educated in science or engineering, although some data on individuals who are not scientists or engineers are also included. A materials scientist or engineer could. This estimated percentage difference in earnings differs slightly from the observed difference in median earnings by gender and race and ethnicity because the former addresses differences in mean earnings rather than median earnings. For example, 10-year and 5-year stay rates in 2017 refer to the proportion of 2007 and 2012 graduating cohorts, respectively, who reported living in the United States in 2017. These differences are important for understanding salary variations by sex, race, and ethnicity because men, Asians, and whites are more highly concentrated in the private, for-profit sector. Table 9-1 reports 4,009,000 scientists and engineers in Business/Industry, of which 201,000 are social scientists. The estimates for doctoral degrees in the controlling for education and employment category and for doctoral degrees and masters degrees in the plus demographics and other characteristics category are not statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Nonetheless, the analysis also shows that measurable differences in human capital do not entirely explain salary differences between demographic groups. A lock Degree areas with lower salaries generally have higher concentrations of women and racial and ethnic minorities. Official websites use .gov working as scientists and engineers, who are more likely to work in non-R&D activities 7 National Science Foundation (2015), Characteristics of Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 2013. Compared with whites and Asians (controlling for education and employment), S&E highest degree holders in other racial and ethnic groups working full time earn 10% and 5% less at the bachelors and masters degree levels, respectively (Figure 3-23).The estimates for doctoral degrees in the controlling for education and employment category and for doctoral degrees and masters degrees in the plus demographics and other characteristics category are not statistically significant at the 90% confidence level. Current data on the college-educated veteran workforce reveals that many veterans are not working in S&E or S&E-related occupations nor have they received training in S&E or S&E-related fields of study. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS. SESTAT is the Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System. For example, 10-year and 5-year stay rates in 2017 refer to the proportion of 2007 and 2012 graduating cohorts, respectively, who reported living in the United States in 2017. NSF 14-317 | September 11, 2014, InfoBriefs | Womens salary differentials remain at all degree levels after adjustments for education, employment, demographic, and other characteristics. The tabulations include characteristics of all U.S. scientists and engineers, employed scientists and engineers, and salaries information for scientists and engineers. Foreign-born scientists and engineers employed in S&E occupations, by highest degree level and broad S&E occupational category: 2017.
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