[14] He worked closely with the five other agencies that together with the WTO constitute the Integrated Framework of action for the Least Developed Countries. Six countries have graduated from LDC status between 1994 and 2020. > The WTO in Brief, Afghanistan Why Is Voter Turnout In The United States Lower Than That In Most Developed Nations? Senegal A least developed country is one that ranks extremely low on the Human Development Index (HDI) when compared to other countries in the world. Burkina Faso [23], After the initiation of the LDC category, six countries graduated to developing country status. This dual transition is a vital element of their industrialization strategies but LDCs face a major . Poverty: A Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $1,035 or less annually is an indicator of extreme poverty. Most households in the country are dependent on agriculture. This advocacy takes place throughrelevant conferences, meetings and other intergovernmental and non-governmental processes. Meanwhile, LDCs are among those most affected by COVID-19; all but eight experienced negative growth rates in 2020 and the pandemic fall-out is predicted to last longer than in richer countries. SEE ALSO: > Developing Countries in "Understanding the WTO" The international community should play its part, and assist LDC efforts with adequate financial resources, suitable policy space and more effective international support measures, notably in the area of technology transfer. Togo This is because the governments here do not believe that the CDP is using accurate classification information. The terms "country" and "economy", as appropriate, also refer to territories or areas. They need bold investments in health, education and social protection systems all the resources required to fully implement Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals.. The Doha Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2022-2031 (DPoA) manifests a new generation of renewed and strengthened commitments between the least developed countries and their development partners, including the private sector, civil society, and governments at all levels. > See LDCs on a map Basics What is the WTO? The fourth world: Least Developed Countries The 47 least developed countries are often referred to as the Fourth World. Rwanda Since the term least developed country was first used in 1971, only 4 countries have advanced to developing country status and many other nations have been added to the list. Their efforts to advance in this direction demand the active and decisive backing of the international community, especially in the fields of technology, finance and trade. de la Paix, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, Welcome to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. There are 33 countries that are classified as least developed countries in Africa, nine in Asia, three in Oceania, and one in the Americas. Mauritania THE WORLDS 50 LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AT A GLANCE. Lesotho While LDCs prioritize economic transformation and diversification in their policies, they have critically lacked the means necessary to progress towards the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since then, the UN has paid special attention to LDCs, recognising them as the most vulnerable in the international community and granting them certain benefits including: The first LDC conference was held in Paris, France in 1981 and LDC5, marking the 50th anniversary was due to be held in March 2022, but was postponed to this year due to COVID. Anetwork of National Focal Points (NFPs) of LDCs was establishedby OHRLLSafter the adoption of the Brussels Programme of Action for LDCs in 2001. The full text of the Doha Programme of Action is available here in the 6 UN official languages. UNCTAD's The Least Developed Countries Report 2020 will be a valuable tool to help least developed countries and their development partners shape a better and more resilient and inclusive future for the world's poorest countries." Amina J. Mohammed, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Fourth UN Conference on Least Developed Countries (LDC-IV) was held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 913 May 2011. The conference of Least Developed Countries or LDCs takes place every 10 years and this years meeting from 5 to 9 March 2023, known as LDC5, will focus on returning the needs of the 46 designated countries to the top of the global agenda and supporting them as they strive to get back on track to sustainable development. The low level of socio-economic development in LDCs is characterized by historically weak development capacity, low and unequally distributed income and scarcity of domestic financial resources. In this context, I also call on developed countries to understand that much like addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, tackling the acute development challenges LDCs face is a multilateral issue par excellence, and as such, should be a top priority for the international community.". In many developing countries, pro-market reforms have encouraged faster growth, diversification of exports, and more effective participation in the multilateral trading system. Throughout the report, the term "least developed country" refers to a country included in the United Nations list of least developed countries. Niger is afflicted with widespread malnutrition and 44.1% of its people live below the poverty line. The advent of digitalization and the Fourth Industrial Revolution are modifying the very nature of productive capacities and reshaping global value chains. On the other hand, some countries still have far to go. UNCTAD's The Least Developed Countries Report 2020: Productive Capacities for the New Decade maintains that the broadening and full utilization of LDC productive capacities remains central to upgrade LDC economic structure, and bridge their development gaps vis--vis other countries. They are highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks and have low levels of human assets. The Group of LDCs, currently chaired by the Permanent Representative of Nepal,activelypromotes and protects LDCs interests in implementing theProgrammeof Action and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The international community should rally to the report's call for greater solidarity and stronger international support to avert this crisis and build long-term resilience through fostering productive capacities. The countries that have been on the least developed list since its implementation are: Afghanistan, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Haiti, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Yemen. [6] The United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States (UN-OHRLLS) coordinates UN support and provides advocacy services for Least Developed Countries. The international community needs to show its resolve to assist its weakest members by giving them the tools to tackle the root causes of their vulnerabilities. The crisis in the country continues. There are currently 46 economies designated by the United Nations as the least developed countries (LDCs), entitling them to preferential market access, aid, special technical assistance, and capacity-building on technology among other concessions. They are highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks. For use of information media - Not an official record. African Republic Even though it is economically integrated with South Africa, Lesotho is still one of the least developed countries in the world. Insider Monkey Development Score: 170.00. More than other countries, LDCs are at risk of deepening poverty and remaining in a situation of underdevelopment. Since advocating for the creation of the category of the least developed countries (LDCs) five decades ago, UNCTAD has been at the forefront of LDC development policy. At primary level, the gender parity index of the gross enrolment ratio from 0.79 in 1990 to 0.95 in 2017. Human Resources: Public health indicators (such as those mentioned in the Human Development Index) are used to determine the strength/weakness of the human resources within a country. Bissau A new report released today by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ahead of the upcoming COP26 climate negotiations reveals that while 93% of Least developed countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) had submitted enhanced national climate pledges, or plan to do so, the G20 has been dragging its feet on adhering to t. those countries which have been designated as such by the United This is a game-changing report: it is unusual for a mainstream organization such as UNCTAD to examine the results of economic policies on the ground, challenge the ineffectiveness of the dominant economic discourse, and recommend radically new course of action. Central It was attended by Ban Ki-moon, the head of the UN, and close to 50 prime ministers and heads of state. Sierra Leone 4. They addressed issues of market access, special and differential treatment provisions for developing countries, participation of developing countries in the multilateral trading system, and development questions, especially the interests of developing countries in competition policy. The first country to graduate from LDC status was Botswana in 1994. Economic Vulnerability: An economic assessment considers export activity, agricultural production, damages caused by natural disasters, and economic size and instability to determine its vulnerability. But analysis of the deal by NGOs found that the text of the proposed LDC deal had substantial loopholes that might make the offer less than the full 100 percent access, and could even erase some current duty-free access of LDCs to rich country markets. Mali These countries also have low scores on the indicators for nutrition, health, school enrolment and literacy and high scores for economic and environmental vulnerability, which measures factors such as remoteness, dependence on agriculture and exposure to natural disasters. All LDCs have a gross national per capita income (GNI) of below USD$1,018; compare that to almost $71,000 in the United States, $44,000 in France, $9,900 in Turkey and $6,530 in South Africa according to data from World Bank. Enhancing international trade of LDCs and regional integration. [7] As of 2018, ten or more countries were expected to graduate in 2024, with Bangladesh and Djibouti already satisfying all criteria in 2018. Londondown 12 places from a year agocomes in 46th and New York is down ten spots to 69th. During the WTO's Hong Kong Ministerial, it was agreed that LDCs could see 100 percent duty-free, quota-free access to U.S. markets if the round were completed. The following 46 countries were still listed as least developed countries by the UN as of November 2021:[18] Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, So Tom and Prncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, East Timor, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Tanzania, Yemen, Zambia. On average, LDCs as a group experienced a growth of 5% in 2018 with a forecasted growth of 5.7% in 2020. [citation needed], Dr. Chiedu Osakwe, as of 2001 the Director, Technical Cooperation Division at the Secretariat of the WTO, and adviser to the Director-General on developing country matters, was appointed as the WTO Special Coordinator for the Least Developed Countries beginning in 1999. "While no country has been spared from the COVID-19 crisis, the least developed countries have the least capacity to rebound after this major crisis, due to their inherent development deficits. Asian Development Bank, Flickr. The term "less economically developed country" (LEDC) is also used today. Lesser-Developed Country - LDC: A lesser-developed country (LDC) is a country that is considered lacking in terms of its economy, infrastructure and industrial base. [1] Generally, LDCs rely on few primary commodities as major sources of exports and fiscal earnings, causing them to be vulnerable to external terms-of-trade shocks. Djibouti During a United Nations review in 2018, the UN defined LDCs as countries meeting three criteria, one of which was a three-year average estimate of gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US$1,025.[10]. Mainstreaming productive capacities development in these countries is a necessary condition for boosting their capacity to respond to and recover from crises. Advanced technologies offer ample scope for spillovers and productivity gains, but also risks deepening entrenched inequalities and technological divides. The 2011 conference set a goal of boosting half of the current LDCs out of the category by 2022. Because their industrial and economic ecosystems are fragile and underdeveloped, LDCs are highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks. [16] Additionally, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14 advocates for an effective special and differential treatment of LDCs as integral parts of WTO fisheries subsidies negotiation.[17]. Photo:People arriving at the Port of Honiara, Solomon Islands. There are currently 46 least-developed countries on the UN list, 35 of which to date have become WTO members. Previous conferences have taken place in Paris, France (twice); Brussels, Belgium; and in Istanbul, Turkey in 2011. [8], There is one country which presently meets the criteria and two countries which previously met the criteria for LDC status, but declined to be included in the index, questioning the validity or accuracy of the CDP's data: Ghana (no longer meets criteria as of 1994), Papua New Guinea (no longer meets criteria as of 2009), and Zimbabwe.[9]. Kiribati 36. The least developed countries in the world are also marginalized in global trade, with a miniscule share of global exports leaving them much more. A 5-month-old girl at Paktia Regional Hospital in Gardez, Afghanistan, receives therapeutic milk to treat malnutrition. Once again, those with the least are suffering the most. One of the most respected at-a-glance metrics used to measure a country's level of development is the U.N.'s Human Development Index (HDI). This framework considers offering specialized deals for LDCs concerning trade and market access. "The least developed countries have deployed their limited means to counter the COVID-19 recession, but they find themselves the countries most vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic. The conference endorsed the goal of raising half the existing Least developed countries out of the LDC category in 2022. UNCTAD's The Least Developed Countries Report 2020 will be a valuable tool to help least developed countries and their development partners shape a better and more resilient and inclusive future for the world's poorest countries.". 5 things you need to know about the world's least developed countries. Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are low-income countries that are highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks. Benin 20. Enrollments in primary and secondary education in LDCs have more than 2x from 107 million in 2000 to 215 million in 2017. Other organizations, like the International Monetary Fund, have similar criteria for measuring economic development. The population of a lesser . There are currently 46 least-developed countries on the UN list, 35 of which to date have become WTO members. 7 min read In this article, we will be taking a look at the 25 least developed countries in the. Guinea At UNHQ, they typically take place on the margins of either the UNGA Second Committee or the High-Level Political Forum. Three countries, in particular, have declined being categorized as least developed: Ghana, Papua New Guinea, and Zimbabwe. 1. The Doha Programme of Action reminds us that global recovery depends on LDCs getting the support they need.
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