Similarly, inaccessibility of the built environment including friends' homes and community social venues was reported as challenging in establishing and sustaining relationships [52, 58, 63, 66, 67, 82]. Slavich GM, Way BM, Eisenberger NI, Taylor SE. Table 3 shows the codes grouped into the ICF domains. Eisenberger NI, Master SL, Inagaki TK, Taylor SE, Shirinyan D, Lieberman MD, Naliboff BD. These priorities include developing finer-grained theoretical models to guide research, the systematic investigation of potential mediating pathways such as dyadic influences on health behavior and physiological coregulation, and taking into account individual differences and contextual factors such as attachment style, gender, socioeconomic status, and culture. Open communication was frequently mentioned as positively associated with good relationship outcomes [16, 49, 77, 80, 82]. Piatt J. For example, relationship orientations may affect peoples willingness and ability to cultivate supportive and intimate interactions, or their tendency to experience interpersonal conflict. Ability to maintain continence and be independent in bladder management were positive social and relationship factors [43, 71]. Close relationships are undeniably linked to health and well-being across the lifespan, but less is known about the mechanisms through which close relationships promote (or hinder) health. Similarly, people who hold compassionate interpersonal goals (a focus on others needs and well-being) evidence better psychological well-being and relationship quality than those who hold self-image goals (a focus on ones own needs and well-being; Canevello & Crocker, 2011). Access to instrumental support from external sources may act as a buffer against this effect [79]. The number of studies involving women is surprising, as the proportion of men versus women sustaining SCI has been reported at 3.8:1 worldwide [101]. Relational orientations shape how people construe their relationship partners and social interactions, and may be linked to health-relevant interpersonal processes by altering cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses in relevant social contexts. Social disconnection, in contrast, elicits potent negative emotions (e.g., anger, anxiety, depression) that can erode health. Adjustment following chronic spinal cord injury: determining factors that contribute to social participation. Momentary work worries, marital disclosure, and salivary cortisol among parents of young children. Two studies examined differences in social outcomes after SCI for particular ethnic groups in the USA. Codes were grouped based on the domains of the ICFbody structure/function factors (i.e., changes to physiological functions and anatomical components of the body); activities factors (i.e., execution of tasks or actions); participation factors (i.e., involvement in life situations); environment factors (i.e., equipment and technology, physical environment, support, attitudes, and service systems); and personal factors (e.g., gender, age, coping styles, education, and behaviour patterns). Keep in touch: The effects of imagined touch support on stress and exploration. In terms of psychotherapy outcomes, the relationship between patient and psychologist mattersa lot. Saxbe D, Repetti RL. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted This view on interpersonal relationships It was suggested in one study that therapists can promote social participation by acting as social partners for people with SCI in the early stages after injury [52]. For couples (where one person has SCI) this reciprocity may mean supporting one another to cope and doing activities together. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Interdependence theory highlights micro-level interaction processes through which partners mutually influence each others outcomes (Kelley & Thibaut, 1978), emphasizing the importance of a dyadic perspective in areas such as how partners dynamically influence each others health behaviors (Lewis & Butterfield, 2007). Historically, research has focused on structural features of relationships (e.g., social networks, social integration) or on global perceptions of network support (e.g., perceived available support) that can serve as resources when coping with stress. Slatcher RB, Selcuk E, Ong AD. Current Directions in Psychological Science. A story from both sides of the couple. Sixty-two (62) studies were ultimately selected and there were no additions from reference list searching. In the analysis and presentation of results, the factors have been treated simply as stand-alone variables. This area presents the opportunity to test a variety of theoretically interesting hypotheses with potential implications for health. Positive intimate partnerships are characterized by commitment and closeness and may change and evolve based on partners' efforts at relationship maintenance [3]. The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at, close relationships, health, biopsychosocial pathways, social support, dyadic effects. This might be achieved through creation of shared social spaces, time for social interaction, and flexibility of rehabilitation programing. Figure 1 shows the study selection process. Gilad D., Lavee Y., Innes-Kenig O. It is also apparent that social and personal relationships after SCI can positively influence outcomes for the individual with SCI. Characteristics of the literature included in the scoping review. Smith TW. One couple education intervention (vs. control) reduced cortisol reactivity during lab conflict discussions (Ditzen, Hahlweg, Fehm-Wolfsdorf, & Baucom, 2011), and a brief communication training reduced blood pressure reactivity during problem solving discussions in adults with hypertension (Ewart, Taylor, Kraemer, & Agras, 1984). The many factors found to Wyndaele M., Wyndaele J.-J. Finally, newlyweds who expressed more love and affection during lab interactions were more satisfied with their marriages and less prone toward divorce one year later (Graber et al., 2011). In addition, a willingness to accept help, making an effort, and exhibiting patience and acceptance were all suggested as being socially advantageous behaviours in the presence of SCI which can be readily encouraged. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. This article provides an evaluation of research on close relationships processes relevant to health, drawing on themes from major relationship science theories to present a broad conceptual framework for understanding the interpersonal processes and intrapersonal pathways linking relationships to health and disease outcomes. Chan R. C. K. How does spinal cord injury affect marital relationship? Rook KS. Conversely, broadening one's personal definition of sexuality [42, 49, 8083] and having a positive self-image [36, 42, 52, 81] were associated with social and relationship success. Collins NL, Feeney BC. Affiliation and control during marital disagreement, history of divorce, and asymptomatic coronary artery calcification in older couples. Social rejection, which threatens fundamental needs to belong and to maintain social connections (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), has been tied to health-related biological responses. For example, being accepted (vs. rejected) by a potential romantic partner increases activation in opioid receptors related to reward, positive affect, and analgesia (Hsu et al., 2013). For example, enacted support reduces the degree to which stressors are perceived as threatening and bolsters perceived (and actual) coping resources. Botticello A. L., Rohrbach T., Cobbold N. Disability and the built environment: an investigation of community and neighborhood land uses and participation for physically impaired adults. This perceived partner responsiveness provides individuals with core validation of the self, and leads to feelings of warmth, acceptance, belonging, and trust, all of which should foster emotional and physical well-being. These findings are significant given that separation and divorce are associated with a greater risk of mortality and depression (Sbarra, 2015). The secondary groupings were factors pertaining to social attitudes, supporters, physical environment, and resource factors (which broadly encompassed equipment and service systems). Taylor S. S., Davis M. C., Zautra A. J. The results in the study by Hwang et al. Social support during a stressful task reduces cortisol reactivity, promotes emotional recovery, and builds caring relationships. Gable SL, Gosnell CL, Maisel NC, Strachman A. Safely testing the alarm: Close others responses to personal positive events. People enter social relationships with different goals that can influence relationship functioning, and in turn, promote or impair health. Studies examining social participation and social integration were included in the review if the study made reference to relationships or if a measurement instrument was used which included relationships as a domain. [28] described scoping reviews as efficient ways of identifying themes and trends in a topic area which is broad in nature and incorporates studies of differing approaches. The World Health Organization has recognized the importance of interpersonal interactions and relationships as a domain of human functioning, by including it as a chapter in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) [7]. Those without a phone had less contact over the course of a month with friends, business contacts, and strangers. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Newton T, Cacioppo JT, MacCallum RC, Glaser R, Malarkey WB. Arksey H., OMalley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Successful relationships in the presence of SCI were characterized in this literature as mutual and reciprocal. Schedin Leiulfsrud A., Reinhardt J. D., Ostermann A., Ruoranen K., Post M. W. M. The value of employment for people living with spinal cord injury in Norway. Social connection/disconnection may shape health outcomes by influencing the development of secure and satisfying close relationships. Van Vleet M, Feeney BC. A pictures worth: Partner photographs reduce experimentally induced pain. Attachment processes are especially evident under conditions of stress, which is of central interest to health psychologists, and they are implicated in a variety of health-related outcomes (Feeney & Collins, 2015; Pietromonaco, Uchino, et al., 2013; Pietromonaco, DeVito, Ge, & Lembke, 2015). Attachment figures activate a safety signal-related neural region and reduce pain experience. Cognitive strategies may be of help in building confidence and resilience in the face of real or perceived social bias [96, 97]. The functional domains of the ICFbody structure and function, activities, and participationare recognized as being influenced by contextual factors. Do Close relationships play a vital role in human health, but much remains to be learned about specific mechanisms of action and potential avenues for intervention. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies White B., Driver S., Warren A. M. Resilience and indicators of adjustment during rehabilitation from a Spinal Cord Injury. Finally, a pressing need exists for exploratory translational lab and field research before large scale interventions can be confidently designed. Likewise, cognitive appraisals (e.g., reduced threat, enhanced self-efficacy) and positive emotions can foster adaptive coping and creative problem solving (Feeney & Collins, 2015). There was only one study which described and evaluated a specific intervention aimed at equipping people socially after SCIa dating and relationships psychoeducational group [44]. Botticello et al. This article evaluates empirical findings related to specific close relationships processes relevant to health, and presents a broad framework for understanding the interpersonal processes and intrapersonal pathways through which they operate. McVilly K. R., Stancliffe R. J., Parmenter T. R., Burton-Smith R. M. I Get by with a little help from my friends: adults with intellectual disability discuss loneliness. This review has highlighted that minimal research has been conducted to examine the factors which facilitate or impede relationships after SCI. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Finkel EJ, Slotter EB, Luchies LB, Walton GM, Gross JJ. The asterisks are meant to indicate truncation. How sharing positive events with others provides personal and interpersonal benefits. McColl M. A., Bickenbach J., Johnston J., et al. These effects are important because positive affect predicts better objective health outcomes such as cardiovascular health (Boehm & Kubzansky, 2012). Relationships with our coworkers are incredibly important, but we tend to think about them in the wrong way: We However, in defence of generalizing the findings, it is noted that most of the factors identified do not appear to be linked to the context of a particular country. For better or worse? Many factors influence the development of ones self-concept: current or past experiences, family values, social norms, feedback given, accomplishments obtained and how much time spent with significant people in their life. People who feel understood and accepted appraise the physical world as less daunting. Inagaki TK, Muscatell KA, Irwin MR, Cole SW, Eisenberger NI. Its more than sex: Exploring the dyadic nature of sleep and implications for health. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1Spinal Outreach Team, Metro South Health, P.O. This was cautiously interpreted as potentially relating to factors such as the positive aesthetic of open spaces and possible access and safety issues in residentially dense areas. Cappelleri J. C., Althof S. E., Siegel R. L., Stecher V. J., Tseng L., Duttagupta S. Association between the erectile dysfunction inventory of treatment satisfaction and the self-esteem and relationship questionnaire following treatment with sildenafil citrate for men with erectile dysfunction. Figure 1 illustrates several plausible mediating pathways, with an emphasis on select intrapersonal processes psychological, biological, and behavioral that are likely to result from interpersonal experiences of social connection/disconnection. Perry B. L. Symptoms, stigma, or secondary social disruption: three mechanisms of network dynamics in severe mental illness. The Paradox of Received Social Support: The Importance of Responsiveness. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help National Library of Medicine Perceived influence of the environment on social participation among individuals with spinal cord injury. Clubs, businesses, and organizations that created social settings were acknowledged [58, 66]. Systematic investigation also is needed for key moderators that might alter links between social connection/disconnection and health. Tramonti F., Gerini A., Stampacchia G. Relationship quality and perceived social support in persons with spinal cord injury. Thats the main takeaway from a new collection of meta-analyses released by an APA task force charged with examining the latest evidence on relationship factors in therapy. Relational orientations may shape whether social connection or disconnection increases or reduces health risks and outcomes. Master SL, Eisenberger NI, E S, Taylor, Naliboff BD, Shirinyan D, Lieberman MD. One meta-analysis suggests that constructs related to interpersonal sensitivity (e.g., introversion, rejection sensitivity) are linked to a greater risk of contracting an infectious disease and possibly for developing cardiovascular disease (Marin & Miller, 2013), although methodological concerns limit this analysis (Smith, 2013). Feeney BC, Collins NL. Early parental bonds establish a childs attachment patterns, which affect her interactions not only during childhood, but throughout her entire life. The neural bases of feeling understood and not understood. The hearts content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health. Reis HT, Smith SM, Carmichael CL, Caprariello PA, Tsai F-F, Rodrigues A, Maniaci MR. Are you happy for me? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Gender has been suggested to have a bearing on interpersonal interactions and relationships after SCI.
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