The deep web is like an archive, containing an unsorted pile of websites and resources that are largely inaccessible to normal users. [100][101], The reporting of the secret prisons was heavily criticized by members and former members of the Bush Administration. A state prosecutor opened up an investigation concerning these landings which, according to Madrid, were made without official knowledge, thus being a breach of national sovereignty.[121][122][123]. "[25], On July 20, 2007, Bush made an executive order banning torture of captives by intelligence officials. In fact, the specifics of the network of black sites remains controversial. In 2011, the Obama administration admitted that it had been holding a Somali prisoner for two months aboard a U.S. naval ship at sea for interrogation. But the instruction concerned only N50BH, which was a Gulfstream III, which would have landed at Le Bourget on July 20, 2005, coming from Oslo, Norway. According to Mayer's report, CIA officers have taken out professional liability insurance, fearing that they could be criminally prosecuted if what they have already done became public knowledge. The U.S. government does not provide information about the operation of black sites, and for a period of time did not provide information about the existence of black sites. This was apparently due to a misunderstanding that arose concerning the similarity of the spelling of El-Masri's name with the spelling of suspected terrorist Khalid al-Masri. Not everything is illegal, the dark web also has a legitimate side. Approximately 30 detainees are considered the most dangerous or important terrorism suspects and are held by the CIA at black sites under the most secretive arrangements. [30], The trial began in January 2010 and lasted 14 days, with the jury deliberating for three days before reaching a verdict. Pornography has existed since the origins of the United States, and has become more readily accessible in the 21st century.Advanced by technological development, it has gone from a hard-to-find "back alley" item, beginning in 1969 with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol, the Golden Age of Porn (1969-1984) and home video, to being more available in the country and later, starting in the 1990s, readily . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [131][132], Abu Zubaydah and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri are said to have been held and subjected to physical punishments at the Stare Kiejkuty intelligence base in northeastern Poland. [108], On September 14, 2007, The Washington Post reported that members of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence had requested the withdrawal of the nomination of John A. Rizzoa career CIA lawyerfor the position of general counsel, due to concerns about his support for Bush administration legal doctrines permitting "enhanced interrogation" of terrorism detainees in CIA custody. Countries that held suspects on behalf of the U.S. include Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kosovo, Libya, Lithuania, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Somalia, South Africa, Thailand, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, Yemen, and Zambia. [8], Black sites operated by the US government and its surrogates were first officially acknowledged by President George W. Bush in the fall of 2006. However, legal parties have made use of this framework as well. In 2015, U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's former chief of staff, Lawrence Wilkerson, elaborated saying Diego Garcia was used by the CIA for "nefarious activities". It has been just over 20 years since the Sept. 11 attacks killed nearly 3,000 people in the worst terrorist attack in modern history. The defense for Aafia Siddiqui, who was tried in New York City, alleged that she was held and tortured in a secret US facility at Bagram for several years. He said that a U.S. draft memorandum had stated that "people held in Poland are to be treated as prisoners of war and will be afforded all the rights they are entitled to", but due to time constraints the U.S. had not signed the memorandum. Justices will consider whether details on post-9/11 CIA black sites are state secrets. [125], Viso magazine journalist Rui Costa Pinto also testified before the DCIAP. On October 11, 2007, The New York Times reported that Michael Hayden had ordered an unusual internal inquiry into the work of the agency's inspector general, John L. Helgerson, whose aggressive investigations of the CIA's detention and interrogation programs and other matters have created resentment among agency operatives. [74] On April 22, 2015, Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania, confirmed that he had granted a CIA request for a site in Romania, but was not aware of the nature of the site, describing it as a small gesture of goodwill to an ally in advance of Romania's eventual accession to NATO. A further 100 ghost detainees kidnapped in Europe and "rendered" to other countries must be counted, according to Swiss senator Dick Marty's report of January 2006. Destinations included Estonia (1/11/03); Larnaca, Sal, Kabul, Palma, Skopje, Baghdad, (all January 16, 2004); Marka (May 10, 2004 and June 13, 2004). British Prime Minister Tony Blair said that the report "added absolutely nothing new whatever to the information we have". The report cites airports in Timioara, Romania, and Szymany, Poland, as "detainee transfer/drop-off point[s]". [103][104] Such flight patterns might corroborate the claims of government officials that prisoners are grouped into different classes being deposited in different locations. Other flights began in places such as Dubai (June 2, 2003 and December 30, 2003), Mitiga (October 29, 2003 and April 27, 2004), Baghdad (2003) and Marka (February 8, 2004, March 4, 2004, May 10, 2004), all of which ended in Washington, D.C.. ", "EU May Suspend Nations With Secret Prisons", "No Proof of Secret C.I.A. On the day of registration transference, a Gulfstream V jet (number N8068V) used in the same activities, was transferred from Premier Executive Transport Services to a company called Baynard Foreign Marketing. She was allegedly detained for five years at Bagram with her children; she was the only female prisoner. On May 19, 2006, the United Nations Committee Against Torture (the U.N. body that monitors compliance with the UN Convention Against Torture) recommended that the United States cease holding detainees in secret prisons and stop the practice of rendering prisoners to countries where they are likely to be tortured. . [31][32] On February 3, 2010, she was found guilty of two counts of attempted murder, armed assault, using and carrying a firearm, and three counts of assault on U.S. officers and employees. The report alleges that at least eight Thai senior officials knew of the secret site. Senator Ron Wyden (DOregon) said he was sending a letter to Mike McConnell, the director of national intelligence, asking him to instruct Hayden to drop the inquiry. [26], In a September 7, 2007, public address to the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, rare for a sitting Director of Central Intelligence, General Michael Hayden praised the program of detaining and interrogating prisoners, and credited it with providing 70 percent of the National Intelligence Estimate on the threat to America released in July. The good news is in many cases, blacklists are illegal. The report defines extraordinary renditions as instances where "an individual suspected of involvement in terrorism is illegally abducted, arrested and/or transferred into the custody of US officials and/or transported to another country for interrogation which, in the majority of cases involves incommunicado detention and torture".UK officials have further denied any claims and many investing officials agree to it that UK was not involved in the Bush said that the interrogation techniques "have been fully disclosed to appropriate members of Congress".[113]. Both Prime Minister Leszek Miller and President Aleksander Kwasniewski knew about the base, the newspaper reported. This is according to the flight log of the aircraft obtained from Washington, D.C., by Village. "[116], On December 6, 2007, the CIA admitted that it had destroyed videotapes recordings of CIA interrogations of terrorism suspects involving harsh interrogation techniques, tapes which critics suggest may have documented the use of torture by the CIA, such as waterboarding. Is it illegal to simply look at black market sites? [111] The chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, John D. Rockefeller IV, wrote to acting attorney general Peter D. Keisler, asking for copies of all opinions on interrogation since 2004. Malinowski's comments prompted quick denials by both Polish and Romanian government officials as well as sparking the concern of the International Committee of the Red Cross ("ICRC"), who called for access to all foreign terrorism suspects held by the United States. "I find it unfathomable that the committee tasked with oversight of the C.I.A. [112] On October 5, 2007, President George W. Bush responded, saying "This government does not torture people. Black sites are embroiled in controversy over the legal status of the detainees held there, the legal authority for the operation of the sites (including the collaboration between governments involved), and full (or even minimal) disclosure by the governments involved. My father . CIA Agent Abby Trent (Michelle Monaghan) manages an underground black site facility that imprisons dangerous and high-risk detainees. The dark web has often been confused with the deep web, the parts of the web not indexed (searchable) by search engines.The term dark web first emerged in 2009; however, it is unknown when the actual dark web first emerged. (below)[96]. Legal status of detainees [ edit] There is little or no stated legal authority for the operation of black sites by the United States or the other countries believed to be involved. The U.S. government doesn't need to turn over information about alleged CIA black sites in Poland because doing so would harm national security, the Supreme Court ruled. Vans from a nearby intelligence base (Stare Kiejkuty) met the aircraft, stayed for a short while and then drove off. Siddiqui's family maintains that she was abused at Bagram. [3][7] After denying the fact for years, Poland confirmed in 2014 that it has hosted black sites. They . New and extensive polling shows public opinion increasingly supports legal abortion, with potential political consequences for 2024. The report also uncovered the use of secret detention facilities used in Europe, including Romania and Poland. According to the separate European Parliament report of February 2007, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture. This number of 100 persons does not overlap, but adds itself to the U.S.-detained 100 ghost detainees.[28]. A June 2006 report from the Council of Europe estimated 100 people had been kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council of Europe members), and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres ("black sites") used by the CIA, some located in Europe. [107], An August 13, 2007, story by Jane Mayer in The New Yorker reported that the CIA has operated "black site" secret prisons by the direct presidential order of George W. Bush since shortly after 9/11, and that extreme psychological interrogation measures based at least partially on the Vietnam-era Phoenix Program were used on detainees. [21], On April 21, 2006, Mary O. McCarthy, a longtime CIA analyst, was fired for allegedly leaking classified information to a Washington Post reporter, Dana Priest, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for her revelations concerning the CIA's black sites. There are also sites that distribute child pornography. "The Court, relying in significant part on the 2014 US Senate Committee Report, dismissed Romania's and Lithuania's claims that, among other things, (a) the applicants lacked credible sources of evidence; (b) the black sites did not exist in their countries, and (c) if the sites did exist in their countries, the government did not agree to them . [82] However, in a file submitted in September 2015 to the European Court of Human Rights, a lawyer for a Saudi-born Guantanamo detainee said the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture released in December 2014 leaves "no plausible room for doubt" that Lithuania was somehow involved in the Central Intelligence Agency programme. There are sites, for instance, that sell illegal drugs and others that allow you buy firearms illegally. The legal status of black site prisoners is not defined, and the authority of the U.S. or other countries to operate them is not authorized by. In April 2009, CIA director Leon Panetta announced that the "CIA no longer operates detention facilities or black sites", in a letter to staff and that "[r]emaining sites would be decommissioned". It probably referred to a statement by controversial Senator and Great Romania party leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor.[137]. It is claimed that waterboarding was used about 100 times over a period of two weeks before Khalid Sheikh Mohammed began to cooperate. He had written an article, rejected by the magazine, about flights passing through Lajes Field in the Azores, a Portuguese airbase used by the U.S. Air Force. Eight airports outside Europe are also cited. Ultimately, 26 Americans (mostly suspected CIA agents) and nine Italians were indicted. [79], In November 2009, reports alleged a black site referred to in The Washington Post's 2005 article had been located in Lithuania. The security that makes Tor so anonymous resembles the layers of an onion. In May 2018, the BBC reported that the Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base was the location of the black site used to interrogate Abu Zubaydah, a 31-year-old Saudi-born Palestinian, believed to be one of Osama bin Laden's top lieutenants. Two contract psychologists devised the CIA's enhanced interrogation techniques and played a central role in the operation, assessments, and management of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program. However, the lawyer representing the LDH declared that he was surprised that the judicial investigation was only opened on January 20, 2006, and that no verifications had been done before. [68] On 21 February 2008, British Foreign Secretary David Miliband admitted that two United States extraordinary rendition flights refuelled on Diego Garcia in 2002, and was "very sorry" that earlier denials were having to be corrected. The article went on to state that a Boeing 737 (registration number N313P, later reregistered N4476S) "was routed through Shannon and Dublin on fourteen occasions from January 1, 2003 to the end of 2004. Marty also underlined that European countries probably had knowledge of these covert operations. On November 3, 2005, Tom Malinowski of the New York-based Human Rights Watch cited circumstantial evidence pointing to Poland and Romania hosting CIA-operated covert prisons. However, Priest states no one in the administration requested that The Washington Post not print the story. It is investigated by the Canadian authorities, as it would have been flying from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, via Keflavk in Iceland before going to Turkey. A federal appeals court in Louisiana decided last week that a cop can sue a protest organizer for injuries caused by another person during a demonstration, ratifying a novel legal theory that . After 9/11, the CIA began detaining terrorist suspects in so-called "black sites," a secret network of prisons outside the United States, and subjecting them to unusually harsh and abusive . On November 4, 2009, an Italian judge convicted (in absentia) 23 of the Americans, including a U.S. Air Force (USAF) colonel. On Wednesday, the Supreme Court will hear oral argument in yet another legal battle arising from the government's response . Those courts had agreed with the government that the case could not go forward without exposing state secrets. Learn more . After an investigation by the EU Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, the EU determined that it could not find any of these prisons. Some of the inspector general's work on detention issues was conducted by Mary O. McCarthy, who was fired from the agency in 2006 after being accused of leaking classified information. In this case, both the Trump and Biden administrations argued that even though the information about the torture program is widely known, confirming the existence of CIA black sites in Poland . "Tales from Torture's Dark World" by Mark Danner, United States of America / Yemen: Secret Detention in CIA "Black Sites", AI Index: AMR 51/177/2005, Details about "CIA" flights requested to Portuguese government by MEP. 's detention and interrogation program would be provided more information by The New York Times than by the Department of Justice", Rockefeller's letter read in part. A report by the human rights organization Human Rights Watch, entitled "Enduring Freedom - Abuses by US Forces in Afghanistan", states that the CIA has operated in Afghanistan since September 2001;[97] maintaining a large facility in the Ariana Chowk neighborhood of Kabul and a detention and interrogation facility at the Bagram airbase. Named airport bases include Glasgow Prestwick Airport (Scotland), Shannon & Baldonnel (Ireland), Ramstein and Frankfurt (Germany), Aviano Air Base (Italy), Palma de Mallorca Airport (Spain), Tuzla Air Base (Bosnia-Herzegovina), Skopje (North Macedonia), Athens (Greece), Larnaca (Cyprus), Prague (Czech Republic), Stockholm (Sweden), as well as Rabat (Morocco) and Algiers (Algeria). "[119], Nonetheless, the CIA's alleged programme prompted several official investigations in Europe into the existence of such secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving Council of Europe member states. [70], In June 2008, a New York Times article claimed, citing unnamed CIA officers, that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was held in a secret facility in Poland near Szymany Airport, about 160km (100mi) north of Warsaw and it was there where he was interrogated and the waterboarding was applied. [75], There are other reported sites in Ukraine,[70] who denied hosting any such sites,[76] and North Macedonia. [125] Costa Pinto wrote a book about his investigation. [134] On December 13, 2005, Marty, investigating illegal CIA activity in Europe on behalf of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, reported evidence that "individuals had been abducted and transferred to other countries without respect for any legal standards". Note that this email exchange took place on September 7, 2006, the day after President Bush's infamous September 6, 2006 speech in which he acknowledged the existence of these secret CIA prisons a.k.a. They helped us break up a cell of Southeast Asian terrorist operatives that had been groomed for attacks inside the United States. The airport manager said that airport officials were told to keep away from the aircraft, which parked at the far end of the runway and frequently kept their engines running. Log in to keep reading or access research tools. [146][147][148] [106] The report, which documented the cases of three Yemeni nationals, was the first to describe the conditions in black site detention in detail. [31][32][33] Siddiqui was sentenced to 86 years in prison on September 23, 2010, following a hearing in which she testified.[34]. More than 70 other detainees who may have originally been sent to black sites, but were soon delivered by the CIA to intelligence agencies in allied Middle Eastern and Asian countries such as Afghanistan, Morocco, and Egypt. One teen says her high school diploma was kept from her by a school official during the graduation ceremony when she received laughs from the audience after dancing across the stage. [126] She expressed satisfaction with the opening of the investigation, but emphasized that she had always said a parliamentary inquiry would also be necessary. The CIA marginalized and ignored numerous internal critiques, criticisms, and objections concerning the operation and management of the CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program. On November 25, 2005, the lead investigator for the Council of Europe, Swiss lawmaker Dick Marty announced that he had obtained latitude and longitude coordinates for suspected black sites, and he was planning to use satellite imagery over the last several years as part of his investigation. On November 8, 2005, rights group Amnesty International provided the first comprehensive testimony from former inmates of the CIA black sites. The other suspected aircraft would have landed in Brest on March 31, 2002. Although no clear evidence have been found against the United Kingdom. [11], On September 6, 2006, Bush publicly admitted the existence of secret prisons[9] and announced that many of the detainees held there were being transferred to Guantanamo Bay.[12]. Analyst Played by Rules", "Fired Officer Believed CIA Lied to Congress", "Remarks by the President on the Global War on Terror", "Bush orders CIA to comply with Geneva Conventions", "Hayden: CIA Had Fewer Than 100 Prisoners", "Information memorandum II on the alleged secret detentions in Council of Europe state", "Court Declines Case of Alleged CIA Torture Victim", "Aafia Siddiqui Guilty of Shooting at Americans in Afghanistan", "Aafia Siddiqui Found Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court of Attempting to Murder U.S. Nationals in Afghanistan and Six Additional Charges", "Pakistani scientist found guilty of attempted murder of U.S. agents", "Aafia Siddiqui, alleged Al Qaeda associate, gets 86-year sentence", "More Than Two-Dozen Countries Complicit In US Torture Program", "Time to come clean on secret CIA prison", "Thaksin denies Thailand had 'CIA secret prison', "Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly", "CIA director Gina Haspel's Thailand torture ties", "The Salt Pit, CIA Interrogation Facility outsitde Kabul", "U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations 'Stress and Duress' Tactics Used on Terrorism Suspects Held in Secret Overseas Facilities", U.S. The total number of ghost detainees is presumed to be at least one hundred, although the precise number cannot be determined because fewer than 10% have been charged or convicted. [citation needed], The interior minister of Romania, Vasile Blaga, has assured the EU that the Mihail Koglniceanu Airport was used only as a supply point for equipment, and never for detention, though there have been reports to the contrary. [64][65] However, it has since been revealed by Time magazine and a "senior American official" source that the isle was indeed used by the U.S. as a secret prison for "war on terror" detainees. Extraordinary rendition is the transferwithout legal processof a detainee to the custody of a foreign government for purposes of detention and interrogation. Yiota Souras, the chief legal officer of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, a nonprofit that runs a database that companies use to flag and block child-sex material, said her . The site was closed in December 2002. CIA detainees were subjected to coercive interrogation techniques that had not been approved by the Department of Justice or had not been authorized by CIA Headquarters. A 2021 Associated Press news story defined black sites as "clandestine jails where prisoners generally are not charged with a crime and have no legal recourse, with no bail or court order." [2] China [ edit] Main article: Black jails Wojciech Czuchnowski and Jacek Harukowicz, United Kingdom and British overseas territories, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United Nations Convention Against Torture, the section below on the media and investigative history, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, European Parliament report of February 2007, International Federation of Human Rights Leagues, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, Message from the Director: Interrogation Policy and Contracts, Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States, Extraordinary rendition by the United States, "The Latin American Exception: How a Washington Global Torture Gulag Was Turned Into the Only Gulag-Free Zone on Earth", "Bush: Top terror suspects to face tribunals", "CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons", "Poland feels sting of betrayal over CIA 'black site', "Black Letter Abuse: the US Legal Response to torture since 9/11", "US Torture: Voices from the Black Sites", "Bush admits CIA held terrorism suspects outside U.S.", "Sources Tell ABC News Top Al Qaeda Figures Held in Secret CIA Prisons", "US Groups Hail Censure of Washington's "Terror War", "Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 19 of the Convention: Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against Torture", 'Rendition' does not involve torture, says Rice, "U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations", "Colleagues Say C.I.A. A panel of military officers selected by a Pentagon legal official known as a convening authority can sentence Khan to between 25 and 40 years in prison, but he will serve far less because of his . The CIA's justification for the use of its enhanced interrogation techniques rested on inaccurate claims of their effectiveness. Previous laws did not protect those coerced into having sex and deterred reporting of such attacks, critics say. They are, verbatim from the unclassified summary report:[149], According to the report, at least 26 of the 119 prisoners (22%) held by the CIA were subsequently found by the CIA to have been improperly detained,[149] many having also experienced torture. The army rejected suspicions that the station had been used as a black site. [77] In September 2008, two anonymous Polish intelligence officers made the claims about facilities being located in Poland in the Polish daily newspaper Dziennik. This instruction was opened following a complaint deposed in December 2005 by the Ligue des droits de l'homme (LDH) NGO ("Human Rights League") and the International Federation of Human Rights Leagues (FIDH) NGO on charges of "arbitrary detention", "crime of torture" and "non-respect of the rights of war prisoners".
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